AP 8th Class Social Politics 5th Lesson Important Questions Judiciary

These AP 8th Class Social Important Questions Politics 5th Lesson Judiciary will help students prepare well for the exams.

Judiciary AP 8th Class Social Politics 5th Lesson Important Questions

AP 8th Class Social Politics 5th Lesson Important Questions: 8 Marks

Question 1.
What are the functions of the Judiciary ?
Answer:
The work that the judiciary does can be divided into the following
1) Dispute Review : The judiciary system solves disputes between :
b) citizens and the government
c) between two states.
d) between central government and the state governments.

2) Judicial Review : The judiciary has the power to strike down laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these laws violate the basic structure of the Constitution.

3) Upholding the Law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights : Every citizen of India can approach the Supreme Court or the High Court if they believe that their Fundamental Rights are violated.

Question 2.
How can you say that our judiciary is an independent judiciary ?
Answer:

• Any wealthy person or any politician cannot influence the judicial process.
• Our constitution provides separation of powers i.e. the other branches of government – the legislature or the executive cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary.
• The courts are not under the government and do not act on behalf of the government
• The judges are appointed with very little influence from the government.
• It is also difficult to remove a judge.
• Hence, we can say that we have independent judiciary system.

Question 3.
What do you understand by Hakim – Sheikh case ?
(OR)
How far Article 21 is applicable to Hakim-Sheikh case ?
Answer:

• Hakim Sheikh fell from a running train.
• His condition got worse as several hospitals refused to admit him.
• On hearing this, the Supreme Court ruled that Article 21 (Right to life) also includes the right to Health.
• Ordered the West Bengal Government to pay him compensation.
• The court also ordered the West Bengal Government to prepare a blue print for Primary health care with particular reference to the treatment of patients during an emergency.

Question 4.
Read the passage and answer the questions.

In 1985, the Supreme Court heard this appeal against the acquittal of Laxman and the two members of his family. The Supreme Court heard the arguments of the lawyers and reached a decision that was different from that of the High Court. They found Laxman and his mother guilty but acquitted the brother-in-law Subash because they did not have enough evidence against him. The Supreme Court decided to send the accused to prison for life.

Question.
Does the appellate system given justice to the victims ? Give your own analysis with reference to Laxman Kumar case.
Answer:
1) In Sudha Goel and Lakshmana Kumar’s case – the appellate system helped to provide justice to the victims.

2) In the lower court, Laxman, Sakuntala and Subhash Chandra were sentenced to death.

3) In November 1983, the three accused went to the High Court to appeal against this verdict of the Trial Court. In the High Court, all the three accused were acquitted.

4) Later, the Indian Federation of Woman Lawyers filed a separate appeal against this High Court decision in the Supreme Court.

5) After thorough investigation of the case the Supreme Court found Laxam and his mother were guilty and sent the accused to life imprisonment.

6) Thus, we can conclude that the appellate system given justice to the victims.

Question 5.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.

High Courts were first established in the three Presidency cities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1862. The High Court of Delhi came up in 1966. Currently there are 25 High Courts. While many states have their own High Courts, Punjab and Haryana share a common High Court at Chandigarh, and four North Eastern states of Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh have a common High Court at Guwahati. Andhra Pradesh (Amaravati) and Telangana (Hyderabad) have separate High Courts from 1 January 2019. Some High Courts have benches in other parts of the state for greater accessibility.

a. When and where were the first High Courts established in India ?
Answer:
High Courts were first established in the three Presidency cities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1862.

b. How many High Courts are there in India ?
Answer:
There are 25 high courts in India.

c. Which states have common high court in Guwahati ?
Answer:
Four Northern States of Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh have a common High court at Guwahati.

d. Where is the High Court of A.P located ?
Answer:
The High court of AP is located at Amaravathi.

e. Which states have common high court in Chandigarh.
Answer:
Punjab and Haryana have common high court in Chandigarh.

Question 6.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.

The above photo shows the family members of some of the 43 Muslims of Hashimpura, Meerut killed on 22 May 1987. These families fought for justice for over 31 years. Due to long delay in the commencement of the trial, the Supreme Court in September 2002 transferred the case from the State of Uttar Pradesh to Delhi. 19 Provincial Armed Constabulary (PACj men faced criminal prosecution for alleged murder and other offences. By 2007, only three prosecution witnesses had been examined. Finally, the Delhi High Court convicted the accused persons on 31 October 2018.

a. Who were killed in Meerut in 1987 ?
Answer:
The family members of some of the 43 Muslims were killed.

b. Why did the Supreme Court ordered the transfer of from high court to the supreme court ?
Answer:
There was quite a big delay in dispersal of the case. Hence the case was transfered to the supreme court.

c. How many were accused in the above case ?
Answer:
19 Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC) men were accused in the above case.

d. When was the final judgement given by the High Court ?
Answer:
Finally, the Delhi High Court convicted the accused persons on 31st October 2018.

e. What lesson have we learn from the above case ?
Answer:
“The Justice delayed is the Justice denied”.

Question 7.
Read the table and answer the following questions.
Number of Judges in India

Name of the Court	Sanctioned strength	Working strength	Vacancies
Supreme Court	34	34	0
High Courts	1,079	655	424
District and Subordinate Courts	22,644	17,509	5,135

a.  Why do we have more number of judges in District courts ?
Answer:
The number of courts at District level are more hence we have more number of Judges at district level.

b. How many Judge post are vaccant in Supreme Court ?
Answer:
There are No vacancy posts in Supreme court.

c. What is the sanctioned strength of Judges in Supreme Court ?
Answer:
’34’ judges.

d. What is the working strength of Judges in the High court ?
Answer:
655 Judges.

e. What will be the effect of less number of Judges in courts ?
Answer:
Due to the shortage of Judges, there will be delay in disposing of cases or giving judgements.

Question 8.
Why did the government took the responsibility of serving food to school children under MDM Scheme ?
Answer:

• There was a acute shortage of food in the states of Rajasthan and Orissa true to drought in 2001.
• Mean while the government godowns were full of food.
• In this situation, an organization called the people’s Union of Civil Liberties filled a PIL in the supreme court.
• It is stated that the Right to live includes the Right to Food.
• As the godowns were overflowing, the supreme court ruled that the state had a duty to provide food to all.
• Due to this the MDM Scheme is introduced in schools.

Question 9.
What are the differences between Criminal and Civil law ?
Answer:

Criminal Law	Civil Law
Deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences.	1. Deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals.
For example, theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder.	2. For example, disputes relating to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce cases.
It usually begins with the lodging of an First Information Report (FIR) with the police who investigate the crime after which a case is field in the court.	3. A petition has to be filed before the relevant court by the affected party only. In a rent matter, either the landlord or tenant can file a case.
If found guilty, the accused can be sent to jail and also fined.	4. The court gives the specific relief asked for. For instance, in a case between a landlord and a tenant, the court can order the flat to be vacated and pending rent to be paid.

Question 10.
In the outline map of India – Mark the following
1) New Delhi 2) Mumbai 3) Madras 4) Patna 5) Namch a Barwa 6) Capital of Karnataka 7) The Capital of Mizorom 8) Hyderabad 9) Amaravathi 10) Capital of Punjab.

AP 8th Class Social Politics 5th Lesson Important Questions: 4 Marks

Question 1.
What is the structure of the courts in India ?
Answer:
There are three different levels of courts in our country.

• District courts : The courts that most people interact with are called Subordinate courts or District Courts.
• High Court: Each state has a high court which is the highest court in the state.
• Supreme Court : At the top is the supreme court which is located at New Delhi. This is presided over by the Chief Justice of India.

Question 2.
Are the different levels of courts connected to each other ?
Answer:

• Yes, the courts in India are connected to each other.
• We have an integrated judicial system, that means the decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts.
• There is appellate system also, means the persons can appeal to the higher courts if they believe that the judgement is wrong in lower court.

Question 3.
Does everyone have access to the courts ?
Answer:

• In principle, all citizens of India have access to the courts.
• But in reality access to courts has always been difficult for a vast majority of the poor in the country.
• Legal procedures involve a lot of money at the same time they cannot read and understand.
• They have to wait many years for the judgement.

Question 4.
What is Public Interest Litigation ? How far is the useful to the poor and the needy.
Answer:

• The case filed in the Supreme Court or High Court, on behalf of any individual or any organization for public interest is called PIL.
• The iegal procedure is simplied and even a letter or telegram addressed to the court can be treated as a PIL.
• This is very useful.
• PIL is used to secure justice on large number of issues such as….
  a) rescuing bonded labourers from inhuman working conditions.
  b) Securing the release of prisioners in Bihar.

Question 5.
Read the picture what does the below picture dipicts.

Answer:
“Hunger amjdst plenty” – is the situation – where godowns are overflowing but there is no food for the poor.

Question 6.
Read the passage and answer the following question.

The Supreme Court was established on 26 January 1950, the day India became a Republic. Like its predecessor, the Federal Court of India (1937-1949), it was earlier located in the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament House. It moved to its present building on Mathura Road in New Delhi in 1958

Question.
What was the Name of the Supreme Court during the British period ?
Answer:
The Federal Court of India.

Question 7.
The judgements in recent times work against the best interest of the common man. Comment with reference to Olga Tellis Vs Bombay Municipal Corporation.
Answer:

• Recent judgements tend to view the slum dwellers as an encroacher in the city.
• But Olga tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation case had tried to protect the livelihoods of slum dwellers.
• Right to shelter is nothing but one aspect of Right to live (Article 21).
• The eviction of the petitioners will lead to deprivation of their livelihood and consequently to the deprivation of life.
• Not all, but some judgements work against the interests of the common man.

AP 8th Class Social Politics 5th Lesson Important Questions: 2 Marks

Question 1.
What is the present location of Supreme Court in India ?
Answer:
New Delhi.

Question 2.
Which can strike any law passed by the Parliament ?
Answer:
The Judiciary can strike down any law passed by the Parliament.

Question 3.
Which courts have Right to Enforce the Fundamental Rights ?
Answer:
The high courts and the supreme court look into the Enforcement of the Fundamental Rights.

Question 4.
What you mean by the separation of powers ?
Answer:
The separation of powers here means that the other branches of government i.e. the legislature and the executive cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary.

Question 5.
What are the other names of subordinate courts ?
Answer:
The subordinate courts are also known as the Trial Courts, the Court of the District Judge, The Court of the Additional Session Judge, Chief Judicial Magistrate court, etc.

Question 6.
Name two features of Integrated Judicial system.
Answer:

• The decisions made by the higher court are binding on the lower courts.
• Any citizen can appeal to a higher court if judgement of the lower counts is not satisfied to him.

Question 7.
What are the branches of the legal system ?
Answer:

• Civil Law
• Criminal Law.

Question 8.
Why is the access to the court is much difficult for a common man ?
Answer:
Legal procedure involves a lot of money and paper work as well as takes much time.

Question 9.
Expand PIL.
Answer:
Public Interest Litigation.

Question 10.
Which Article of the Constitution deals with Right to life ?
Answer:
Article 21.

Question 11.
Name some other aspect of the Right to life ?
Answer:
Right to Shelter Right to health Right to food.

Question 12.
In which year the new Civil law was passed ?
Answer:
The new Civil law was passed in the year 2006.

Question 13.
Which aspects come under Civil law ?
Answer:
Civil law deals with disputes relating to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce cases etc.

Question 14.
Which aspects come under criminal law ?
Answer:
Criminal deals with offences such as theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder etc.

Question 15.
Who presides over the Supreme court ?
Answer:
The Chief Justice of India presides over the Supreme court.

Question 16.
What is the apex court in India ?
Answer:
Supreme Court is the apex court in India.

Question 17.
When did the Supreme Court device the mechanism of PIL ?
Answer:
The Supreme court deviced the mechanism of PIL in 1980.

Question 18.
What is meant by the term “Acquit” ?
Answer:
It refers to the court declaring that a person is not guilty of the crime which he/she was tried for by the court.

Question 19.
Expand FIR.
Answer:
First Information Report.

Question 20.
Name three presidency cities where high courts were established in 1862 A.D.
Answer:
High courts were established in three presidency cities of Calcutta, Mumbai and Madras.

Question 21.
Name the apex court in a state ?
Answer:
The apex court in a state is the High court.

Question 22.
When was the Supreme court established in India ?
Answer:
The Supreme Court was established in India on 26th January 1950, when our country became republic.

Question 23.
Where is the common high court of the four north-eastern ?
Answer:
Guwahati.

Question 24.
How is the work of the judiciary categorised ?
Answer:

• Dispute resolution.
• Judicial Review
• Upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights.

Question 25.
What is called a Judicial Review ?
Answer:
As the final interpreter of the constitution, the judiciary also has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the parliament if it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the constitution. This is called Judicial Review.