AP 8th Class Social Politics 10th Lesson Questions and Answers Law and Social Justice

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Law and Social Justice Questions and Answers AP 8th Class Social Politics 10th Lesson

Question 1.
Talk to two workers (For example, construction workers, farm workers, factory workers, workers at any shop) to find out if they are receiving the minimum wages laid down by law.
Answer:
We have talked to two workers and the following are the findings.
1) The wage per worker in a construction field is Rs.500/- per men and Rs.300/- per women. Minimum average fixed by the government is Rs. 10,693/-.
Men are getting. Rs.500 × 23 = 11500 for 23 working days:
Women are getting Rs.300 × 23 = 6900.
Hence we can say women are not paid the minimum wage rate.

2) For farm work the wages are, as same as above.

3) In a factory men are getting Rs.700/- and women are paid an amount of Rs.500/-. Here both men and women are paid a minimum wage rate fixed by the govt.

4) In shops a consolidated pay of Rs.8,000/- to Rs.9,000/- is paid and which is farless than a mipimum wage.

Question 2.
What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India ?
Answer:
Advantages :

• One reason why foreign compariies come to India is for cheap labour.
• Wages that the companies pay to workers, are far higher than what they pay workers in poorer countries like India.
• For lower pay, companies can get longer hours of work.
• Additional expenses such as for housing facilities for workers are also fewer.
• Thus, companies can save costs and earn higher profits.

Question 3.
Do you think the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy got justice ? Discuss.
Answer:

• No, the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy did not get justice.
• The government filed a $ 3 billion compensation case in 1985, but accepted a low compensation of $470 million in 1989.
• Even after 24 years people are still fighting for justice, for safe drinking water, for health-care facilities and jobs for the people poisoned by Union Carbide Company.

Question 4.
What do we mean when we speak of law enforcement ? Who is responsible for enforcement? Why is enforcement so important ?
Answer:

• Implementation of law, that is made, as it is without discrimination is known as the enforcement of law.
• The Government and its executives are responsible for enforcement.
• Enforcement is very important as it safeguard the people especially the workers, the employees, and the poor sections.
• Example, in Bhopal gas tragedy, the safety laws were not implemented.
• If safety measures are enforced, the tragedy would not have taken place.

Question 5.
How can laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair ? Give two examples to support your answer.
Answer:
Laws ensure that markets work in a fair manner.
Example 1: Child labour Prevention Act states that no child below the age of 14 years shall be employed either in a factory or for a domestic work.
Example 2: Right against Exploitation states that no one can be forced to work for low wage.
Example 3 : Government also checks-the prices of essential commodities.

Question 6.
Imagine yourself to be a worker working in a chemical factory, which has received orders from the government to move to a different site 100 kms away from the present location ? Write about how your life would change ? Read out your responses in the classroom.
Answer:

1. I am worker in a factory.
2. If I am asked to move to a different side 100 kms away from the present place then.
   • it would be difficult for my children to get seats in schools and colleges in that area,
   • their academic year would be disturbed.
   • If I do up and down daily, it would costs me a lot.

Question 7.
Write a paragraph on the various roles of the government that you have read about in this unit.
Answer:

1. To provide public facilities such as water healthcare, sanitation, electricity, public transport, schools and colleges.
2. To fix minimum wage for the workers.
3. To make laws to protect the interest of the producers and consumers.
4. To see that laws are implemented.
5. To punish those who violate laws.
6. Through making, enforcing and upholding these laws, the government can control the activities of the individuals.

Question 8.
What are the sources of environmental pollution in your area ? Discuss with respect to (a) air (b) water and (c) soil. What are the steps being taken to reduce the pollution? Can you suggest some other measures ?
Answer:
The sources of environmental pollution are as follows.
1) Air:
a) Smoke emited by factories and vehicles create air pollution.
b) CFC released in to the air also create air pollution.
Solution:
1) Factories are to be located far away from residential area.
2) CNG is to be used in vehicles in place of petrol or diesel.

2) Water:
1) Wastage from factories and households create water pollution.
Solution : Wastage should not be let into the water directly.
3) Soil: Soil is polluted by the use of pesticides, chemicals and use of plastic.
Solution : An organic farming should be practised and plastic sould be banned.

Question 9.
How was environment treated earlier ? When has been the change in perception? Discuss.
Answer:

• Previously the environment was treated as a free entity.
• Every one either industrialist or any individual can pollute it.
• Now the above situation is changed.
• The individuals perception is changed.
• The government has made laws to protect environment.
• So many judgement are given for the protection of environment.
• Everyone is trying to establish eco – friendly atmosphere.

Question 10.
What do you think the famous cartoonist R.K.Laxman is trying to convey in this cartoon ? How does it relate to the.2016 law that youread about on page 123 ?
Answer:

The cartoonist is trying to convey that child labour is still in existence in India. The poor always become victim of social evils.

Question 11.
You have read about the Bhopal gas tragedy and the on-going struggle. Students from countriesacross the world have come together to support this struggle for justice. From protest marchesto- awareness campaigns, you can read about their activities on the websitewww.studentsforbhopal.com. The website also has resources such as photos, posters,documentaries, victims’ statements, etc.
Use this and other sources to make a wallpaper/exhibition on the Bhopal gas tragedy for yourclassroom. Invite the whole school to see and talk about it.
Answer:
Student Acitivity.

AP 8th Class Social Politics 10th Lesson InText Questions and Answers Law and Social Justice

Page No. 121

Question 1.
Why do we need a law on minimum wages ?
Answer:

• Private companies in the drive for profits, deny workers to pay properly.
• We need a law. So the private cannot deny workers their wages.
• The minimum wage is necessary to ensure that the workers are not underpaid or are paid fairly.

2. Find out.
a) What is the minimum wage for a construction, worker in your state?
Answer:
The minimum wage is Rs,500/-.

Page No. 122

Question 3.
Table 1 provides some important laws relating to the protection of these various interests.Columns (2) and (3) in Table 1 state why and for whom these laws are necessary. Based on discussions in the classroom, you have to complete the remaining entries in the table.
Answer:
Table

Page No. 127

Question 4.
Why do you think enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory?
Answer:
1) Most of the industries being setup both by local and foreign business in India.
2) Safety measures are being neglected by the foreign companies. Ex : Bhopal gas tragedy.
3) To ensure the Right to Life guaranteed under Article – 21, it is necessary to enforce safety law in any factory.

Question 5.
Can you point to a few other situations where laws (or rules) exist but people do not follow them because of poor enforcement? (For example, over-speeding by motorists, not wearing helmet/seat belt and use of mobile phone while driving).What are the problems in enforcement? Can you suggest some ways in which enforcement can be improved?
Question.
Few situations where law exists people do not follow them :
Answer:
1. a) Not wearing helmet.
b) Using cell phone while driving.
c) Crossing red light on roads.
2. Problems in enforcing : Deliberately people ignore law and it is difficult to control huge population.
3. Some ways in which enforcement can be improved : C.C.Cameras and new innovative technology to detect the huge masses that violate laws.

Page No. 128

Question 6.
A ‘clean environment is a public facility.’ Can you explain this statement?
Answer:

1. “A clean environment is a public facility” means a clean environment is boon to human beings.
2. It is equivalent to the public facility provided for all on equal grounds.
3. It is so important for the development of the human beings.

Question 7.
Why do we need laws ?
Answer:

1. We need new laws to check pollution and to have safe and healthy environment.
2. We need to fine heavily the institutions or persons who pollute our environment.

Question 8.
Why are companies and contractors able to violate environmental laws?
Answer:

1. The laws are not enforced properly by the government.
2. Corrupt officials take bribes and allow the companies to violate environmental laws.

Page No. 129

Question 9.
Environment as a Public Facility.

In recent years, while the courts have come out with strong orders on environmental issues, these have sometimes affected people’s livelihoods adversely. For instance, the courts directed industries in residential areas in Delhi to close down or shift out of the city. Several of these industries were polluting the neighbourhood and discharge from these industries was polluting the river Yamuna, because they had been setup without following the rules.But, while the court’s action solved one problem, it created another. Because of the closure, many workers lost their jobs. Others were forced to go to far-away places where these factories had relocated. And the same problem now began to come up in these areas – for now these places became polluted. And the issue of the safety conditions of workers remained unaddressed. Recent research on environmental issues in India has highlighted the fact that the growing concern for the environment among the middle classes is often at the expense of the poor. So, for example, slums need to be cleaned as part of a city’s beautification drive, or as in the case above, a polluting factory is moved to the outskirts of the city. And while this awareness of the need for a clean environment is increasing, there is little concern for the safety of the workers themselves. The challenge is to look for solutions where everyone can benefit from a clean environment. One way this can be done is to gradually move to cleaner technologies and processes in factories. The government has to encourage and support factories to do this. It will need to fine those who pollute. This will ensure, that the workers livelihoods are protected and both workers and communities living around the factories enjoy a safe environment.

a) Do you think every one got justice in the case cited above ?
Answer:

• No, as usual every one did not get justice in the case cited above.
• Factory workers and slum dwellers are the victims in the above case.

b) Can you think of other ways in which the environment can be protected ?
Answer:

• New laws are to be made.
• Laws are to be enforced successfully.
• Factories are to be inspected regularly.
• Machinery is to be checked and changed whenever necessary.
• Environmental conservation methods are to be adopted.
• Those who violate these laws are to be punished immediately and severely.