AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

AP State Syllabus 7th Class Social Important Questions 14th Lesson Mughal Empire

Question 1.
Observe the following table and answer the following questions.

S.No Rulers Ruling period Specialties
1. Babur 1526 – 1530 A.D. He introduced cannons and guns in Indian warfare
2. Humayun 1530 – 1556 A.D. Recaptured Delhi in 1555 A.D
3. Akbar 1556 – 1605 A.D. He became emperor when he was 13 years old.
4. Jahangir 1605 – 1627 A.D. The military campaigns started by Akbar continued.
5. Shah Jahan 1627 – 1658 A.D. He built Tajmahal
6. Aurangazeb 1658- 1707 A.D. He occupied Bijapur in 1685 A.D.

Questions:
a. Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty?
Answer:
Babur was the founder of the Mughal dynasty.

b. Who built Tajmahal?
Answer:
Shahjahan built the Tajmahal.

c. Who had become the Moghul emperor an early age?
Answer:
Akbar became the emperor of the Mughal empire at an early age.

d. Which Mughal Emperor ruled the longest period?
Answer:
Aurangzeb and Akbar both are ruled nearly the longest period.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 2.
Study the following table and answer the questions given below.

Sl.No. Name of the Emperor Ruling Period Important Features
1 Babur 1526 -1530AD Founder of Mughal Dynasty. Won the first battle of Panipat.
2 Humayun 1530 -1556 AD Son of Babur, he was defeated by Sher Khan.
3 Akbar 1556 -1605 AD Won the second battle of Panipat. Proposed the idea of “Sulh-i-kul” or “universal peace”. Abul Fazal was a close friend and member of Akbar’s Court.
4 Jahangir 1605 -1627 AD Son of Akbar. He followed the idea of “Sulh-i-kul” or “universal peace”.
5 Shah Jahan 1627 -1658 AD Taj Mahal and Red Fort were built by Shah Jahan.
6 Aurangzeb 1658 -1707 AD Son of Shah Jahan. He conquered Bijapur and Golkonda.

a. Name the first Mughal ruler who practiced the idea of “universal peace”.
Answer:
Akbar.

b. Who built the Red Fort from where the Prime Minister of India addresses the nation on Independence day?
Answer:
Shahjahan.

c. Who was the first Mughal emperor defeated by other kings?
Answer:
Humayun.

d. Name the emperor who ruled the Mughal dynasty for the longest duration?
Answer:
Akbar and Aurangzeb.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 3.
Describe the religious policy of Akbar.
Answer:
Akbar was interested in the religion and social customs of different people. He wanted to bring together people of diverse faiths. He started discussions on religion with scholars of all religions. This eventually led Akbar to the idea of sulh-i-kul or “universal peace”. His idea of tolerance did not discriminate among people of different reli¬gions in his realm. With the help of Abut Fazl Akbar framed a vision of governance,
i.e., the emperor would work for the welfare of all subjects irrespective of their religion or social status and not for the welfare of just one community. Akbar believed that by having friendly relations with the native kings of all religions and with the co-operation from the people of all religions Mughal kingdom could last long. So this policy of Sulh-i-kul helped him a lot.

Question 4.
Describe the mansabdari system, (or) Describe the role of mansabdars in the Mughal administration.
Answer:
Mansabdar was a military, administrative and revenue officer of the Mughal empire. Mansabdars were directly under the control of the emperor. He could be allocated any work by the emperor – like guarding his palace, governing a province, conquering a new kingdom, or suppressing a rebellion. The mansabdars should maintain a number of cavalrymen. Mansabdarship was not hereditary. Mansabdars received, their sal a¬ries as revenue assignments called jagirs. Mansabdars would not act independently but follow the order of the emperor. The Mughal emperors transferred mansabdars from one place to another every two or three years so that the mansabdars could not become powerful and independent.

Question 5.
What were the differences between a mansabdar and a zamindar?
Answer:
The officials who were recruited to do any work allotted to them by the emperor were called mansabdars. The zamindars were the rural elites, i.e., the headmen or the local chieftain. The zamindars were not appointed by the emperor. The office of mansabdar was not hereditary whereas the office of a zamindar was hereditary. But like the mansabdars, who had the responsibility of maintaining a specified number of cavalry, the zamindars too had contingents of armed followers. While the office of a zamindar was permanent and static, the office of mansabdar was transferable and the mansabdars were expected to serve in some parts of the country. While mansabdars were expected to work under the direct control of the emperor, the zamindars acted as the representatives of the local people in dealing with the Mughal officials.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 6.
Compare the position of a nayaka and a mansabdar.
Answer:
The mansabdars of the Mughal empire should not act independently, but they should act as per the wishes of the emperor. Nayakas in the Vijayanagara empire could become inde¬pendent and powerful enough to challenge the authority of the king. Mughals pre¬vented this by constantly transferring the mansabdars from one place to another ev¬ery two or three years. Thus a mansabdar could not become settled and powerful in any one place. Both the nayakas and mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments. But unlike the nayakas most mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs. They served in some other parts of the country.

Question 7.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Mughal rulers campaigned constantly against rulers who refused to accept their authority. But as the Mughals became powerful many other rulers also joined them voluntarily. The Rajputs are a good example of this. Many of them married their daughters into Mughal families and received high positions. But many resisted as well. The Sisodiya Rajputs of Chittor refused to accept Mughal authority for a long time. Once defeated, however, they were given their lands back as assignments. The careful balance between defeating but not removing their opponents enabled the Mughals to extend their influence over many kings’ arid chieftains. The Mughals married princesses of many of the local rulers as a mark of friendship.
a. Who did the Mughals campaign against constantly?
Answer:
Mughal rulers campaigned constantly against rulers who refused to accept their au¬thority.

b. Which native rulers joined the Mughals voluntarily?
Answer:
The Rajputs joined the Mughals voluntarily.

c. Which Rajput kingdom resisted the Mughals?
Answer:
The Sisodiya Rajputs of Chittor refused to accept Mughal authority for a long time.

d. How did the Rajputs maintain a relationship with the Mughals?
Answer:
The Mughals married princesses of many of the local rulers as a mark of friendship.

e. How did the Mughals treat the native kings who had been defeated by them?
Answer:
The defeated kings were treated honorably and their lands were given back to them as assignments.

f. How could the Mughals extend their influence over many kings and chieftains?
Answer:
By carefully balancing between defeating but not removing their opponents the Mughals could extend their influence over many kingdoms.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 8.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs which were somewhat like Vijayanagara Nayankaras. But unlike the Nayakas, most mansabdars did not actually reside in or administer their jagirs. They could only collect the revenue due from their jagir villages and send it to the emperor. This was collected for them by their servants while the mansabdars themselves served in some other part of the country. The jagir was administered by other officials directly under the emperor. These officials tried to ensure that the jagirdars agents did not collect more from the farmers than permitted. The jagirs too were constantly transferred every two or three years.
a. How did mansabdars receive their salaries?
Answer:
Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs.

b. What were jagirs?
Answer:
Revenue assignments are given to mansabdars as salaries are called jagirs. Jagirs are rev¬enue units.

c. How were jagirs called in the Vijayanagara kingdom?
Answer:
In the Vijayanagara kingdom, the jagirs were called Nayankaras.

d. Who were the equivalent officers of mansabdars in the Vijayanagara kingdom?
Answer:
In the Vijayanagara kingdom, the equivalent officers of mansabdars were called nayakas.

e. What was the main difference between nayakas and mansabdars?
Answer:
Nayakas exercised their authority so freely that they could become powerful. But mansabdars could not act independently They had to act as per the wishes of the emperor.

f. Who collected revenue in the jagirs?
Answer:
Revenue’ was collected, by the servants not by the mansabdars.

g. How did the Mughals check the jagirdars?
Answer:
The jagir was administered by the officials directly under the emperor. These officials tried to ensure that jagirdars’ agents did not collect more from the farmers than per-mitted,.

h. What was the duty of mansabdars
Answer:
Mansabdars’ main duty was to collect the revenue. But it was done by the other servants. Mansabdars had to do any work allocated to them by the emperor like guarding the palace, governing a province, conquering a new kingdom, or suppressing a rebel¬lion.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 9.
Read the following para and answer the questions.
In most places, peasants paid taxes through the rural elites, i.e., the headman or the local chieftain. The Mughals used one term – zamindars – to describe all intermediaries, whether they were local headmen of villages or powerful chieftains. The zamindars were not appointed by the Mughal Emperors but existed on a hereditary basis, that is, sons succeeded when the fathers died. They too had contingents of armed followers.
They received from the jagirdars a share of the revenue collected from the area and also some dues from the farmers and others. They often acted as representatives of the local people in dealing with the Mughal officials.
a. Who were zamindars?
Answer:
Zamindars were the revenue officials.

b. Who could be the zamindars?
Answer:
The zamindars were the headmen of villages or the local chieftains.

c. How did zamindars get their office?
Answer:
The office of a zamindar was hereditary.

d. What were the responsibilities of zamindars?
Answer:
They should maintain the contingent of the army and they should collect revenue from the jagirs.

e. What was the position of zamindars in the administration of Mughals?
Answer:
They often acted as representatives of local people in dealing with the Mughal officials.

Question 10.
Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Akbar was interested in the religion and social customs of different people. Akbar wanted to bring together people of diverse faiths. This eventually led Akbar to the idea of Sulh-i-kul or “universal peace”. This idea of tolerance did not discriminate among people of different religions in his kingdom. Instead, it focused on a system of ethics – honesty, justice, peace – that was universally applicable. Abul Fazl helped Akbar in framing a vision of governance around this idea of Sulh-i-kul. The Emperor would work for the welfare of all subjects irrespective of their religion or social status. This principle of governance was followed by Jahangir and Shah Johan as well.
a. What was it that led Akbar to the idea of Sulh-i-kul?
Answer:
His interest in religion and his desire to bring together the people of diverse faiths led Akbar to the idea of Sulh-i-kul.

b. What does Sulh-i-kul mean?
Answer:
‘Sulh-i-kul’ means universal peace.

c. What is the idea of Sulh-i-kul?
Answer:
Sulh-i-kul is the idea of tolerance. It should not discriminate among people of different religions in his realm.

d. What were universally applicable ethics?
Answer:
Honesty, justice, and peace were universally applicable ethics.

e. Who helped Akbar in framing the vision of governance?
Answer:
Abul Fazl helped Akbar in framing the vision of governance.

f. What was Akbar’s vision of governance?
Answer:
The emperor would work for the welfare of all subjects irrespective of their religion or social status.

g. Who followed the principle of governance?
Answer:
Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan followed the principle of governance.

h. What was the basis for the principle of governance?
Answer:
‘Sulh-i-kul’ (universal peace) is the basis for the principle of governance.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 11.
Study the following table.

S.No. Name of the officer Responsibilities
1. Mansabdars Mansabdar was a military, administrative and revenue officer of the Mughal empire. They were directly under the control of the Mughal emperor. He had the responsibilities of guarding his palace, governing his province, conquering a new kingdom, or suppressing rebellions. Their servants could collect the revenue due from jagir villages and send them to the emperor. The office of Mansabdar was not hereditary.
2. Zamindars Zamindars were rural elites i.e the headman or the local chieftain, to whom the peasants paid taxes. Zamindars were not appointed by the Mughal Emperors but existed on a hereditary basis. They had contingents of armed followers. They received from the jagirdars a share of the revenue collected from the area and also received dues of taxes from the farmers. They acted as the representations of the local people in dealing with the Mughal officials.

a. Write about the responsibilities of Mansabdars.
Answer:
Mansabdar was a revenue, military, and administrative officer of the Mughal empire.
He had the responsibilities of guarding the emperor’s palace, conquering a new kingdom, or suppressing a rebellion. Their servants could collect revenue from the jagirs.

b. Write about the responsibilities of Zamindars.
Answer:
Zamindars were rural elites i.e., the headman or the local chieftain, to whom the peasants paid taxes. They had contingents of armed followers. They received from the jagirdars a share of revenue collected from the area and also received dues of taxes from the farmers. They acted as the representatives of local people while dealing with the Mughal officials.

c. What were the differences between the position and authority of Mansabdar and Zamindar?
Answer:
The mansabdars were directly under the control of the Mughal emperor. The office of the mansabdar was not a hereditary one. But zamindars should not be directly under the control of the emperor. Their office was hereditary. Unlike the mansabdars, the zamindars were not appointed by the emperor. Zamindars acted as representatives of the people while dealing with the Mughal officials.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 12.
Study the following table.

Name of the officer Information about their position, authority, and responsibilities
Nayakas in Vijayanagar kingdom Nayakas of the Vijayanagara empire were the military, revenue, and administrative officers. The nayakas in the Vijayanagara empire could become independent and powerful enough to challenge the authority of the emperor. The nayaka received the nayankaras or land assignments as salaries. They had to maintain a stipulated army. They had the responsibility of collecting revenue and administering land assignments.
Mansabdars Mansabdars of the Mughal empire were the revenue and military officers. They were directly under the control of the emperor. They had the responsibilities of guarding the palace, governing a province, conquering a new kingdom, or suppressing a rebellion. The mansabdars should not act independently but they should act as per the wishes of the king. The mansabdars were transferred from one place to another every two or three years so that they could not become powerful.

a. Write about the nayakas in the Vijayanagara kingdom.
Answer:
Nayakas in the Vijayanagara empire were the military, revenue, and administrative officers. They were independent and could become powerful enough to challenge the authority of the emperor. The nayakas received nayankaras – the land assignment as salaries. They had to maintain a stipulated army. They had the responsibility of collecting revenue and administering land assignments.

b. Write about the position and responsibilities of mansabdars.
Answer:
Mansabdars of the Mughal empire was the revenue and military officers. They were directly under the control of the emperor. They had the responsibilities of guarding the palace, governing a province, conquering a new kingdom, or suppressing a rebellion. The mansabdars should not act independently but they should act as per the wishes of the emperor. The mansabdars were transferred from one place to another every two or three years so that they could not become powerful.

c. What differences do you find between the positions of nayakas and mansabdars?
Answer:
The nayakas of the Vijayanagara kingdom didn’t have any direct control over themselves.
They could exercise their authority freely. They were free enough to become powerful and could challenge the authority of the emperor. The nayakas had the responsibilities of collecting revenue, maintaining a stipulated amount of army, and administering the land assignments. On the other hand, mansabdars were directly under the control of the emperor. They should act as per the wishes of the emperor. They would be asked to guard the emperor’s palace, govern a province, conquer a new kingdom, or suppress a rebellion. Mansabdars could not exercise their authority freely. They were checked at every stage by the emperor.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 13.
Read the following table.

Name of the Emperor Ruled from
Babur 1526-1530 A.D.
Humayun 1530-1556 A.D.
Akbar 1556-1605 A.D.
Jahangir 1605-1627 A.D.
Shah Jahan 1627-1658 A.D.
Aurangazeb 1658-1707 A.D.

Now answer the following questions:
a. Who was the founder of the Mughal kingdom?
Answer:
Babur

b. Who ruled for the least period?
Answer:
Babur

c. Who was the father of Akbar?
Answer:
Humayun

d. Who ruled for the most years?
Answer:
Akbar and Aurangazeb

e. Who was the father of Aurangazeb?
Answer:
Shah Jahan

f. When was the Mughal empire founded?
Answer:
In 1526 A.D.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 14.
Study the following table.

Name of the emperor Significance of their rule
Babur 1.   Founded the Mughal empire
2.    Introduced guns and cannons into Indian warfare
Humayun 1.   Defeated by Sher than
2.    Spent most of his rule in exile
Akbar 1.   Consolidated the Mughal empire
2.    Formulated the principle of Sulh-i-kul and the vision of governance.
Jahangir Continued military campaigns started by Akbar
Shah Jahan 1.   A war of succession occurred during his reign.
2.    He was kept in prison by Aurangazeb.
Aurangazeb 1.   He was victorious in the war of succession.
2.    He deviated from the principles of governance.
3.    He favoured Sunnis.

Now answer the following questions:
a. Who, do you think, was the greatest ruler of the Mughal dynasty?
Answer:
Akbar

b. Who, do you think, were the fundamentalist and the cruel of all the Mughal emperors?
Answer:
Aurangazeb

c. Who introduced guns and cannons into Indian warfare?
Answer:
Babur

d. Who consolidated the Mughal empire?
Answer:
Akbar

e. During, whose reign the war of succession took place?
Answer:
During Shah Jahan’s reign

f. Who started the principle of Sulh-i-kul?
Answer:
Akbar

g. Which Mughal emperor spent most of his life in exile?
Answer:
Humayun

h. Who formulated the vision of governance?
Answer:
Akbar

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 15.
How do you think the Mughals were able to build a system where the emperor’s wife was supreme?
Answer:
We have seen that the nayakas in the Vijayanagara empire could become independent and powerful enough to challenge the emperor. The Mughals prevented this by constantly transferring the mansahdars from one place to another every two or three years. Thus a mansabdar could not become settled and powerful in any one place. The Mughals developed a political system in which the mansabdars would not act independently but-only as per the wishes of the emperor.
Mansabcjarship was not hereditary. The emperor should decide whether or not to appoint a son as a mansabdar. The mansabdar brought his cavalrymen for review, got them registered, their horses branded, and then received money to pay them as salary.

A. Map Reading:

Question 16.
Study the following map:
AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire 1
Now answer the following questions.

a. Whose empire does this map show?
Answer:
The map shows the empire of Akbar.

b. What were the places that were annexed by Akbar in the northwest region?
Answer:
Qandahar and Kabul.

c. Identify the important battle place which has its own significance in the history of the Mughals.
Answer:
Panipat.

d. Name the kingdom annexed by Akbar in south India.
Answer:
Ahmednagar.

e. Name the kingdoms of the South that were annexed by Aurangazeb.
Answer:
Golkonda and Bijapur.

f. Where did Akbar conduct his religious discussions?
Answer:
Fatehpur Sikri.

g. What was the capital city of the Mughals?
Answer:
Delhi.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 17.
Study the following map:
AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire 2
Now answer the following questions.
a. What were the capital cities of the Mughals?
Answer:
Delhi, Agra and Fatehpur Sikri.

b. Where did the war take place between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi?
Answer:
Panipat.

c. What were the southern kingdoms annexed by Aurangazeb?
Answer:
Golkonda and Bijapur.

d. The only southern kingdom captured by Akbar was ……..
Answer:
Ahmednagar.

e. Name the Rajput kingdom that resisted the authority of Mughals.
Answer:
Chittor.

f. Name the kingdoms on the north west of India captured by Akbar.
Answer:
Kabul and Qandahar.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

B. Map Pointing:
Question 18.
Locate the following on the map of India.
1. Delhi
2. Agra
3. Panipat
4. Fatehpur Sikri
5. Ahmednagar
6. Ajmer
7. Chittor
8. Kashmir
Answer:
AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire 3

Question 19.
Locate the following on the map given below.
1. Kabul
2. Qandahar
3. Multan
4. Bijapur
5. Golkonda
6. Bengal
7. Berar
8. Amber
Answer:
AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire 4

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions Chapter 14 Mughal Empire

Question 20.
How is Akbar’s policy of universal peace or Sulh-i-kul relevant to the condition of present-day Indian society?
Answer:
India is a poly religious, poly linguistic, and poly cultural society. In India, we have all kinds of religions and faiths. We should all live in harmony and without discrimination. All the subjects are equal before the law. So the constitution made India a secular state. Still, communal feelings are very high in India. Religious fundamentalist groups of Pakistan and India are causing insurgency in the country. Thus communalism has become a threat to the national integration of our country.
So Akbar’s Sulh-i-kul or universal peace or the idea of tolerance is very much relevant to present today’s Indian society. Akbar’s idea of tolerance did not discriminate among people of different religions in his realm. It is based on the universally acceptable principles – honesty, justice, and peace. Akbar’s vision of government says that the emperor would work for the welfare of all the subjects irrespective of their religion or social status and not just for the welfare of one community.

AP 7th Class Social Important Questions

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