AP Board 10th Class Social Political Science Notes 4th Lesson Political Parties
→ Political parties are easily one of the most visible institutions in a democracy.
→ A political party is a group of people who come to gether to contest elections and hold power in the overnment.
→ A political party has three components :
- The leaders,
- The active members and
- The followers.
→ Parties contest in elections.
→ Parties put forward different policies and programmes and voters choose from them.
→ Parties play a decisive role in making laws for the country.
→ Parties form and run governments.
→ The parties who loose in elections play a role of oppositions.
→ Parties shape public opinion.
→ The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies.
→ In some countries, only one party is allowed to control and run the govt. Ex : China
→ In some countries, powers usually changes between two main parties. Ex: USA, U.K.
→ In some countries several parties compete for power. Ex: India.
→ When several parties in a multiparty system join hands for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an alliance or a front. Ex: NDA, UPA, Left Front in India.
→ No system is ideal for all countries and all situations.
→ Every party in the country has to register with the Election Commission.
→ A party that secures at least six percent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of a state and wins at least two seats is recognised as a state party. Ex : TDP, YSRCP, TRS.
→ A party that secures at least six percent of total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in f our states and wins at least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party. Ex : Congress, BJP.
→ All over the world, people express strong dissatisfaction with the failure of political parties to perform their functions well.
→ Political parties face four challenges:
- Lack of internal democracy.
- Dynastic succession.
- Money and muscle power.
- No meaningful choice to voters.
→ Political parties need to be reformed.
- Anti Defection Law : Avoid defection.
- Submit Affidavit: To decline the influence of rich and criminals.
- To hold organisational elections.
- egulate the internal affairs.
- 1/3rd of seats should be given to women.
- State funding of elections.
→ Political party : It is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government.
→ Partisan : A person who is strongly committed to a party, group or faction.
→ Partisanship : A tendency to take a side and inability to take a balanced view on an issue.
→ Election : The mechanism by which people can choose their representatives at regular intervals and change them whenever they want.
→ One party system : A political system in which only one party controls and runs the govt.
→ Two party system : Power usually changes between two main parties. Only the two main parties have a serious chance of winning majority of seats to form the govt.
→ Multi-party system : It is a system in which several parties compete for power and more than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own strength or in a alliance with others.
→ National party : A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in Lok Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four states and wins atleast four seats in the Lok Sabha.
→ State or Regional party : A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in an election to the legislative assembly of a state and wins at least two seats.
→ Ruling party : Political party that runs govt.
→ Opposition party : A party which is not in power.
→ Leftist party : It emphasis on “ideas such as freedom, equality, fraternity, rights, progress, reform and internation-alism.
→ Centrist party : A party which follows moderate views.
→ Defection : Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected to different party.
→ Affidavit : A signed document submitted to an officer, where a person makes a sworn statement regarding his/her personal information.
→ An alliance : A bond or connection between parties.
→ Coalition : A coalition is formed when two or more parties temporarily work together to achieve a common goal.
(OR)
When no party gain the majority to form the govt, at central level during that time, two or more parties join together to form a govt.