AP 10th Class Social Political Science 3rd Lesson Questions and Answers Gender, Religion and Caste

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Gender, Religion and Caste Questions and Answers AP 10th Class Social Political Science 3rd Lesson

Question 1.
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in india.
Answer:
In India women are discriminated and disadvantaged in the following ways.
1) Literacy:

1. The literacy rate of the women is very low compare with men.
2. When we look at the school results, girls perform much better as compared to boys.
3. But their parents prefer to spend resources on their son’s education rather than on their daughters.

2) Public life and politics :

1. Although women constitute half of the humanity, their role in public life, especially politics is minimal.
2. Ours is still a male dominated society.
3. Jobs : Almost in all areas of work from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, . women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
4. Life at home : The main responsibility of a woman is believed to be that she should do the house work and bring up the children. This is reflected in a sexual division of labour.
5. Life outside the home : In our society the work of women is not valued and does not get recognition.
   Ex : In rural areas and forest regions, they fetch water and collect fuel. Sometimes they work in fields also.
   But their work is not given due importance in the society.
6. In legislatures : In India, the proportion of women in the legislatures is very low.
   Even in the state assemblies is less than 5%. In this respect, India is in the bottom group of nations in the world.
7. In sex ratio : Due to the preference given to male child, the sex ratio has declined in the country to merely 985 females per 1000 males.

Question 2.
State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Answer:
Different forms of communal politics :

1. One can see communalism, in everyday beliefs, on a daily basis : It involves religious prejudices, stereotypes of the superiority of one’s religion over others. Ex : Militant religious groups.
2. The formation of political parties on the basis of community: A communal mind tries to assert political dominance of his own religious community.
   People belonging to majority “Cdmmunity, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance.
   Ex: Separatist leaders and political parties in Jammu and Kashmir and Central . India in the past.
3. Political mobilisation on religious line is another form of communalism: It involves sacred symbols, religious leader, emotional appeal etc.
4. Some times communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre:
   Ex: During the time of partition, India had suffered some of the worst communal riots.

Question 3.
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Answer:

1. Caste inequalities have not completely disappeard from India.
2. Even today, most people marry within their own caste (or) tribe.
3. Despite constitutional prohibition, untouchability has not ended completely.
4. Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt today, e.g., caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.

Question 4.
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
Answer:

1. No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste.
2. No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community.

Question 5.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
Answer:

1. When it comes to representation of women in legislative bodies India is among the bottom groups of nations in the world.
2. Women’s representation has always been less than 10% in Lok Sabha and 5% in the State Assemblies.
3. In Panchayat Raj, one-third of the seats are reserved for women.
   Note : President Droupadi Murmu has given her assent to the Women’s Reservation Bill which seeks to provide 33% reservation to women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies. The President was also approved the Bill.

Question 6.
Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Answer:

1. The constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
2. The constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.

Question 7.
When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:
A) Biological difference between men and women
B) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
C) Unequal child sex ratio
D) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies
Answer:
B) Gender divisions usually refer to the – unequal roles assigned by society to men and women.

Question 8.
In India seats are reserved for women in
A) Lok Sabha
B) State Legislative Assemblies
C) Cabinets
D) Panchayati Raj bodies.
Answer:
D) In India, seats are reserved for women in the following bodies:
Panchayati Raj bodies, where one-third of seats in local government bodies are . reserved for women.

Question 9.
Consider the following statements on the meaning of communed politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that: (C)
A) One religion is superior to that of others.
B) People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
C) Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
D) State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.
Which of the statements are correct?
A) A, B, C, and D
B) A, B, and D
C) A and C
D) B and D

Question 10.
Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It (B)
A) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
B) gives official status to one religion.
C) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.
D) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

Question 11.
Social divisions based on ________ are peculiar to India.
Answer:
caste

Question 12.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

List – I	List – II
1) A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men	A) Communalist
2) A person who says that religion is the principal basis of community	B) Feminist
3) A person who thinks that caste is the principal basis of community	C) Secularist
4) A person who does not discriminate others on the basis of religious beliefs	D) Castiest

 

	1	2	3	4
A)	B	C	A	D
B)	B	A	D	C
C)	D	C	A	B
D)	C	A	B	D

AP 10th Class Social Political Science 3rd Lesson InText Questions and Answers Gender, Religion and Caste

Page No. 60

Question 1.
Why are we discussing things like household work in this textbook on Political Science? Is this politics?
Answer:

1. No, this is not politics.
2. Every woman in India is expected to do so many household chores but few of them are allowed to do jobs.
3. That’s the point of gender inequality in society.
4. Patriarchal and Orthodox mindset still exists in India where women are not getting equal rights or par with men.

Question 2.
Why not? If politics is about power, then surely male dominance in the household should be considered political.
Answer:

1. Many theories reflect that politics begin from home.
2. When male dominates females, this hierarchy is followed throughout the system.
3. Patriarchy is what suppresses women in all fields of life.
4. If politics ends at home, women will get equal chances in all spheres of life.

Page No. 62

CARTTON BASED QUESTION

Question 3.
Discuss all these perceptions of an ideal woman that prevail in our society. Do you agree with ajfy of these? If not, what is your image of an ideal woman?

Answer:

1. It is not possible to agree with any one perception of women, shown through the figures.
2. In today’s times, women are balancing house work, work outside the house and their carrer’s equally.
3. In my view women should not be tied in the image of an ideal woman.
4. They should have equal rights and opportunities, to be what they want to be and live a life of good health and happiness.

Page No. 64

LET’S DO IT

Question 4.
A ‘time use survey’ was conducted, in six states of our country. It shows that an average woman works every day for a little over seven and half hours while an average man works for six and a half hours. Yet the work done by men is more visible because most of their work leads to generation of income. Women also do a lot of direct income generating work, but the bulk of their work is household related. This work remains unpaid and invisible.
Daily time use (hours : minutes)

Activities	Men	Women
Income generating work	6: 00	2 : 40
Household and related work	0: 30	5 : 00
Talking, Gossip	1: 25	1 : 20
No work/ Leisure	3: 40	3 : 50
Sleep, self-care, reading etc.	12: 25	11 : 10

Source : Government of India, Time use survey -1998-99
You can conduct a similar time use survey in your own household. Observe all the adult male and female members of your family for one week. Every day note down the number of hours each of them spends on the following activities: income generating activity (working at the office or shop or factory or field, etc.), household related activity (cooking, cleaning, washing, fetching water, looking after children or elders, etc.), reading and recreation, talking/gossiping, self-care, taking rest or sleeping. If necessary make new categories. Add up the time taken on each activity for a week and calculate the daily average for each activity for each member. Do women work more in your .family as well?
Answer:
Survey report conducted in my house-hold is :
Father

Days	Income generating activity	Household related work	Related and recreation	Talking/Gossiping	Selfcare	Taking rest sleeping
Day 1	8	0	1	2	4	9
Day 2	8	0	0	4	3	9
Day 3	8	0	2	2	2	10
Day 4	8	0	0	4	3	9
Day 5	8	0	0	3	3	10
Day 6	8	0	0	4	3	9
Day 7	8	0	1	3	3	9
Average	8	0	0.55	3.14	3	9.28

Mother:

Days	Income generating activity	Household related work	Reading and Recreation	Talking/Gossiping	Selfcare	Taking rest sleeping
Day 1	0	10	1	4	2	7
Day 2	0	10	1	4	2	7
Day 3	0	12	1	3	1	7
Day 4	0	14	0	4	1	5
Day 5	0	12	1	3	3	5
Day 6	0	10	2	4	3	5
Day 7	0	12	2	1	2	7
Average	0	11.42	1.14	3.28	2	6.14

Brother:

Days	Income generating activity	Household related work	Reading and Recreation	Talking/Gossiping	Selfcare	Taking rest sleeping
Day 1	8	0	4	1	4	8
Day 2	8	0	3	0	3	7
Day 3	8	0	2	2	4	9
Day 4	8	0	3	0	2	10
Day 5	8	0	3	0	3	7
Day 6	8	0	3	0	3	6
Day 7	8	0	3	1	2	9
Average	8	0	3	0.55	3	8

Yes, women work more than men in every household. But their household is least recognised, as it is not an income generating work.

Page No.66

Question 5.
Mummy always says to outsiders: “I don’t work. I am a housewife,” But I see her working non-stop all the time. If what she does is not work, what else is work?
Answer:

1. What she does is also work, but it is not considered as work in our male dominated society because it is not connected with earning of money.
2. Most of the time men work less than women but their work is valued because they work outside and earn money.
3. Since money is not involved in the work of house-wives, it is said that they don’t work.
4. This mind-set is very old and needs to be changed,
5. Women’s work should be given as much value as work done by them.

MAP POINTING QUESTION

Question 6.
Observe the maps and answer the following questions.

a) Can you identify your State on this map? What is the child sex ratio in it? How is it different from others with a different colour?
Answer:

1. My state is Andhra Pradesh.
2. It’s child sex ratio is – 945.
3. Its range is shown in green colour.

b) Identify the States which have child sex ratio below 900.
Answer:
Maharastra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana and Jammu and Kashmir.

c) Compare this map with the poster on the next page. How do the two of them tell us -about the same issue?

Answer:
Both the map and poster are concerned about women.
Map says child sex ratio in the country. Finally it says decreasing trend of child sex ratio.
Next page poster also says about women. It explains the women are missing due to different forms of violence and discrimination.
Both are explaining about women (or) female child, how they face discrimination.

Page No. 68

Question 7.

a) Could you think of some reasons why women’s representation is so low in India?
Answer:

1. The reasons for low level of women participation in politics are: Women’s literacy rate is very low.
2. Even if some are educated, they are not politically motivated.
3. Society thinks that politics is not the profession of women.
4. Political parties are also not giving tickets to women candidates.

b) Do you think Americaas and Europe have achieved a satisfactory level of women’s – representation?
Answer:

1. No, neither America nor Europe have achieved a satisfactory level of women’s representation.
2. Because in America there are only 29.5% and in Europe only 26.4% women in the national parliament.
3. These percentages are not proportional to their population in the respective countries.

Page No. 70

Question 8.
If casteism and communalism are hail, what makes feminism a good thing? Why don’t we oppose all those who divide the society on any lines – caste, religion or gender?
Answer:

1. Feminism does not encourage division politics.
2. It advocates women rights on the ground of the equality on the basis of gender.
3. It believes in equal rights and opportunities for men and women.
4. Social divisions‘like communalism and castes usually divide the society and enhance inequality while feminism talks about equality.
5. With stronger women comes stronger society.

Question 9.
This cartoon offers an understanding of why the Women’s Reservation Bill has not been passed in the Parliament. Do you agree with this reading?

Answer:

1. Yes, the cartoon reflects that our legislature is male dominated.
2. Every gate to the parliament is well guarded by men who do not wish women to enter the house.
3. But, they pretend to show that very soon they are going to pass a bill regarding women’s reservation in the house.
   Note : In the year of 2023, in September month in the parliament women reservation bill was passed and President was also approved the bill.

Page No. 72

Question 10.
I am not religious. Why should I bother about communalism and secularism?
Answer:

1. If you are not religious, it means you don’t believe God.
2. Communalism is a social phenomena based on the barbaric attitude of some religious communities.
3. The attitude of communal activities create harmness to social system.

So you should also bother about communalism to make peace in the society. Whether you are religious or not, you should also bother about the secularism, so that there will not be any favour of discrimination against any religion.
It will maintain a healthy atmosphere in the country.

Page No. 74

Question 11.
I often crack jokes about people from one religion. Does that make me communal?
Answer:

1. Religion is a faith of a person or a group of people in a particular way of prayer to a specific supernatural power.
2. This faith is very much based on personal and community grounds.
3. So you should not make jokes about the people of any religion.
4. It may result communal tension in the society and you will be responsible.

Page No. 80

Question 12.
I don’t care what my caste is. Why sire we discussing all this in the textbook? Are we not promoting casteism by talking about caste?
Answer:

1. Casteism is not promoted by talking about castes in the text book.
2. India is a religious and caste based country with multiple languages in usage.
3. If is known fact that there are people of different castes living together in Indian society.
4. So, reality cannot be hidden.
5. This is the reason why there is a discussion on caste in this textbook.
6. The ill effect of casteism can be explained to students in this age itself for a better India.

Question 13.
Now you don’t like it! Didn’t you tell me that wherever there is domination, we should discuss it in Political Science? Will caste disappear if we keep mum about it?
Answer:

1. Caste is dominating Indian society and there by it has its say in politics as well.
2. As said in the textbook whenever there is domination, it should be discussed in the political science.
3. So caste is discussed in political science.
4. Caste will not disappear from the Indian politics and from society merely by keeping mum about it. Because it has become a part and parcel of our political and social system.

Page No. 84

Question 14.
Do you think that political leaders are right to treat people belonging to a caste as vote banks’?

Answer:

1. I think that political leaders are not right in treating people belonging to a caste as vote banks.
2. The process of dividing vote bank based on caste will divide the society into different groups by dirty game of politicians and political parties during elections to win in the election.
3. This encourages social division in the society which leads to conflicts among the people. It disturbs social harmony.