AP 10th Class Social Geography 6th Lesson Important Questions Manufacturing Industries

These AP 10th Class Social Important Questions Geography 6th Lesson Manufacturing Industries will help students prepare well for the exams.

Manufacturing Industries AP 10th Class Social Geography 6th Lesson Important Questions

AP 10th Class Social Geography 6th Lesson Important Questions: 8 Marks

Question 1.
Suggest any three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
Answer:
Three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by industrial development in India are :
i) Water Pollution : Every litre of waste water discharged by one industry pollutes eight times the quantity of freshwater.

• Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
• Harvesting of rainwater can be done to meet water requirements.
• Treating hot water and dfffaents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

ii) Air Pollution:

• Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smokestacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
• Smoke can be reduced by using oil or natural gas instead of coal in the factories.

iii) Noise Pollution:

• Machinery and equipments can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
• Almost all machineries can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
• Noise absorbing material may be used apart from personal use of ear plugs and ear phones.

2. What is the manufacturing sector ? Why is it considered the backbone of development of a country”. Support the statement with examples.
Answer:
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. It is considered as backbone of development of a country because :

• It helps in modernizing agriculture.
• Helps in providing jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
• Reduces unemployment and poverty.
• It brings down the regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce.
• It brings in much needed foreign exchange.
• Example – Cotton textile, Iron and steel industry, etc.

Question 3.
Explain any four factors influencing the location of Industries.
Answer:
Manufacturing is a secondary process of transforming raw materials into finished products. The manufactured goods are more useful and valuable than the raw-materials. The location of industries are influenced by the following factors :

1) Nearness to the Source of Raw material: Large quantities of raw-material are needed for industries. Therefore industries are located near the source of raw materials. It saves the cost of transportation. Steel centres are developed where coal and iron are easily available. Jute mills in West Bengal and the cotton textile mills in Maharashtra are located due to the availability of raw materials.

2) Power Resources: Coal, oil and water power are the main sources of power. Most of the industries are located near coal fields. Aluminium industries and paper industries are located near hydro electric stations.

3) Means of Transportation : Modern Industries need cheap, developed and quick means of transportation. Cheap means of transportation are required for the movement of workers, raw materials and machinery to the factories.

4) Climate : Stimulating climate increase the efficiency of the labourers. The cotton textile industry required humid climate. The film industry needs good weather with clear blue skies similarly the aircraft industry also needs clear weather.

5) Skilled labour: Cheap and skilled labour is essential for the location of industries. Glass industry at Firozabad and the sports goods industry in Jalandhar are located due to the availability of skilled labour.

Question 4.
What are the different ways in which the industries are classified ?
Answer:
The different ways in which industries are classified :
i) On the basis of source of raw materials industries are classified as:
a) Agro based industries.
b) Mineral based industries.

ii) On the basis of their main role :
a) Basic or key industries
b) Consumer industries.

iii) On the basis of capital investment :
a) Small scale industries.
b) Large scale industries.

iv) On the basis of ownership
a) Public sector
b) Private sector
c) Joint sector
d) Cooperative sector

v) Based on the bulk and weight of raw material and finished products :
a) Heavy industries
b) Light industries.

Question 5.
Give reasons why sugar industry is shifting from Northern India to Southern India.
Answer:
In the past few decades, sugar industry in India is shifting from Northern India to Southern India.
Following are the reasons:

1. In South India, sugarcane yield per hectare is higher, sugarcane contains more amount of juice and sweetness.
2. The geographical condition available for sugarcane production are more suitable in Southern India than Northern India.
3. The black soil here is more suitable for sugarcane cultivation.
4. Sugarmills Of South India provide sugarcane cultivation on the basis of ownership, which provide them manufacturing time necessary sugarcane.
5. Sugar and sugarcane manufacturing time period is relatively higher in South India.
6. In South India, in sugar mills, new machines and techniques are used.
7. More transportation and traffic facilities are available.

Question 6.
Which major industries are responsible for water pollution ?
(OR)
How are industries responsible forpolluting freshwater ? Suggest any three measures to reduce the water pollution.
Answer:
Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers.
The main culprits are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides, fertilizers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc., into the water bodies. Fly ash, Phospo-gypsum and iron and steel slags are the major solid wastes in India.

Steps to minimize water pollution :

• Minimising use of water for processing by re-using and recycling it in two or more successive stages. Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases:

• Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding flocculation and sedimentation.
• Secondary treatment by biological process.
• Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
• Overdrawing of groundwater needs to be regulated legally.

Question 7.
Explain the pro-active approach adopted by the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for preserving the natural environment and resources.
(OR)
What steps have been taken by NTPC to preserve the natural environment in its power plants ?
Answer:
NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. This company has a proactive approach for preserving the natural environment and resources are:

• Utilising the latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment to minimise generation of polluting by – products.
• Maximising the utilization of ash generated so that the waste generated is reduced.
• Establishing green belts and forests to maintain an ecological balance around the generation plants being set up.
• Setting up ash pond management, ash water recycling and liquid waste management systems in the plants to reduce environmental pollution.
• Monitoring, reviewing and managing the databases online for all the power plants set up.

Question 8.
“Agriculture and Industry are complimentary to each other”. Justify.
Answer:
Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.
a) Agro based industries in India have*given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.

b) Industry has contributed to agriculture by using the implements like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machine tools sprinkles, drip irrigation systems, etc.

c) Thus, development and competitiveness and manufacturing industry has not only
assisted agriculturalists in increasing their productivity, but also made production process very efficient.

d) In the present day world of globalisation, industry needs to the more efficient and competitive.

e) Today we are not only self-sufficient in agriculture but our farmers are able to complete with other farmers in the world and India is able to produce goods for the International market.

Question 9.
Classify industries on the basis of ownership.
Answer:
On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified as :
a) Public Sector : Public sector industries are owned by the state. The government makes ail investments and the marketing of the goods produced is through government agencies. Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL) is an example.

b) Private Sector : Private sector enterprise is owned by a private individual or a parternership of private individuals. Profits derived from the scale of output belong to the individual, who owns the manufacturing unit and who makes all the capital investments in it. Eg: Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO).

c) Joint Sector : This involves an industry owned and managed jointly by the government and an individual or individuals or between two or more governments. The amount of investment and share of the profits depends on the level of involvement of both sides. For example, MNGL (Maharashtra Natural Gas Limited).

d) Cooperative Sector: A group of individual pool resources to set up and fnanage an industrial venture on a cooperative basis. All profits and losses are shared among the them hers of the cooperative unit. Many textile, sugar and milk units function as cooperatives. Example: AMUL.

e) MNCs : When operations of a privately owned industry or public owned industry extend to more them one country, such industries are called Multi-National Corporations (MNCs). They have headquarters in the main country where they are registered. For example, Hindustan Lever in private-sector has its headquarters is in London. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) in public – sector has headquarters in Dehradun. Factors like cheap labour, technical skills, lower cost of production and availability of market in other countries lead to establishment of such industries.

Question 10.
“Industrialisation and Urbanisation go hand in hand.” Explain.
Answer:

1. Industrialization is the transformation from an agricultural-based economy to one based on mechanised manufacturing.
2. Urbanisation is basically the shifting of a population from rural areas to urban areas, which leads to the formation and increase in size of towns and cities.
3. As industries and businesses grow, so do the number of workers needed to support them. ‘
4. This increases the number of jobs available to people.
5. People from rural areas begin migrating to these towns where the industries have developed to fill those jobs.
6. Hence, it leads to the formation of towns and cities, or it increases the size of the already existing ones.

Question 11.
How are industries contributing to the national economy ? Explain.
Answer:
Industries play a significant role in the national economy of a country in the following ways:
i) Industries provide employment to a large number of people, which in turn boosts the overall economic growth of the country.

ii) Products and services exported to other countries bring foreign currency into the country, which helps strengthen the economy.

iii) Infrastructure, including roads, ports, airports, and power plants, is frequently developed as a result of industrialization. By making it simpler for businesses to function and for products and services to be moved, this infrastructure can help the economy as a whole.

iv) Industries generate revenue through the sale of their product and services, which contributes to the national income of the country.

v) Industries can spur technical innovation and advancement, resulting in the creation of new goods and procedures and enhancing the nation’s overall competitiveness.

Question 12.
Explain the factors which are responsible for location of industries.
Answer:
The factors which are responsible for location of industries are given below:
i) Closeness to the source of raw material: Industries are located near the source of raw materials which saves the cost of transportation. Steel centres are developed where coal and iron are easily available.

ii) Power resources: Coal, Oil and water sources of power. Most of the industries are located near coal fields.

iii) Means of Transportation : Industries need’cheap, developed and quick means of transportation. Cheap means of transportation are required for the movement of workers, raw materials and machinery to the factories.

iv) Climate : Stimulating climate increase the efficiency of the labourers. The cotton textile industry required humid climate. The aircraft industry needs clear weather.

v) Skilled Labour: Cheap and skilled labour is essential for the location of industries.

vi) Market Availability : Nearness to the market is important since finished goods should reach the market at the end of the manufacturing process.

vii) Availability of Water : Many industries are established near rivers, canals, and lakes. The iron and steel industry, textile industries, and chemical industries require .large quantities of water for their proper functioning.

Question 13.
Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy.
Answer:

1. The chemicals industry contributes approximately percent 7% of GDP in India.
2. It is the third largest in Asia and occupies sixth in the world.
3. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
4. Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.
5. Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, nitric acid .alkalies, soda ash and caustic soda.
6. These industries are widely spread over the country.
7. Organic chemicals includes petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
8. Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries and petrochmeical plants.
9. The chemical industry has its own largest consumers.
10. Basic chemicals undergo processing for the further production of other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture of directly for consumer markets.

Question 14.
Analyze the impact of mining activities on the local environment and the health of the surrounding communities.
Answer:
i) The mining industry generates waste containing high concentrations of metals and metalloids, which are highly toxic to the environment.

ii) Mining can cause erosion, sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, or contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by chemicals emitted from mining processes.

iii) lining is one of the most perilous occupations in the world in terms of injuries and fatalities and also due to the long-term health effects associated with it, which include respiratory problems such as pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, and silicosis.

iv) Due to the high amount of chemicals that mining activities generate, unnaturally high concentrations of arsenic, mercury, and sulphuric acid will be deposited in the water bodies.

v) The continued use of traditional mining methods intensifies the emission of toxic and non-eco-friendly products.

vi) Mining also affects the atmosphere through carbon emissions, which contribute to climate change.

Question 15.
Explain the factors influencing the localization of the iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:
Factors influencing the localization of the iron and steel industry in India:

1. Raw materials like iron ore, coal and limestone needed in bulk.
2. Sources of raw materials like Chota Nagpur plateau.
3. Availability of cheap labor around the coalfields.
4. Good transportation network to move bulky raw materials and products.
5. Access to water resources needed for processing of iron and steel.
6. Location near ports to import machinery and export products,
7. Availability of power for smelting processes.
8. Vast market in India due to industrial growth.
9. Policy of the government to locate plants near mineral deposits.

Question 16.
Give an account of the steel industry in India.
Answer:

1. Most basic and important industry.
2. Integral to development of other industries.
3. India world’s 3rd largest producer after China and Japan.
4. Crude steel production over 100 million tonnes per year.
5. SAIL and TATA Steel are integrated producers.
6. Jamshedpur, Burnpur, Rourkela, Bhilai, Durgapur are major centres.
7. Require iron ore, coal and limestone as raw materials.
8. Modern plants at Vijaynagar, Salem, Vishakhapatnam.
9. Both public and private sector participation.
10. Exports steel to East Asia, Middle East, Europe.
11. Contributes significantly to GDP.

Question 17.
Give a detailed account of the cotton textile industry in India.
Answer:

1. Important agro based industry, provides huge employment.
2. Abundant raw material availability within the country.
3. Maharashtra, Gujarat historical centres, now spread across India.
4. Mumbai, Indore, Ahmedabad, Surat, Solapur, Nagpur major centres.
5. Composite mills performing spinning, weaving and processing.
6. Decentralized small scale powerloom sector.
7. machineries imported initially from Britain.
8. Exports worth billions of dollars annually.
9. Global competition the major challenge.
10. Blend of traditional skills and modern technologies.

Question 18.
Describe the major environmental problems created by industries highlighting the remedial measures that can be taken.
Answer:

1. Air pollution by smoke, gases, dust, particulate matter.
2. Water pollution by untreated discharge of effluents, chemicals.
3. Damage to land from solid industrial waste dumping.
4. Noise pollution from loud machinery affecting human health.
5. Treatment of discharge before releasing into water bodies.
6. Electrostatic precipitators, filters for air pollution control.
7. Recycling and waste management practices.
8. Reforestation and maintaining green cover.
9. Legal regulations for pollution control on industries.
10. Graded penalties for non compliance of norms.
11. Eco-friendly manufacturing technologies.
12. Public awareness and participation in control measures.

Question 19.
Discuss the environmental degradation caused by industries and measures that can be taken to control it.
Answer:

1. Air pollution by gases; smoke, dust particles from factories.
2. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated effluents.
3. Soil pollution from solid industrial waste dumping.
4. Damage to aquatic ecosystems from water pollution.
5. Treatment of effluents before discharging into water bodies.
6. Electrostatic precipitators and scrubbers to control air pollution.
7. Filters and separators for particulate matter in emissions.
8. Tailings ponds and ash ponds for solid waste.
9. Use of renewable energy like solar and wind energy.
10. Maintaining green cover around factories as buffers.
11. Graded penalties for non compliance to norms.
12. Eco-friendly manufacturing technologies.

Question 20.
Describe the factors influencing the localization of the iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:

1. Require bulk raw materials’* iron ore, coal, limestone.
2. Source of raw materials like Chota Nagpur plateau.
3. Cheap labor availability near coalfields.
4. Good transportation network to move bulky raw materials.
5. Requirement of abundant water resources.
6. Location near ports for import of machinery and export.
7. Vast growth in domestic demand due to industrialization.
8. Policy support from successive-5-year plan periods.
9. Availability of power for smelting processes.
10. Forward and backward linkages with allied industries.
11. Ready domestic market for steel.

AP 10th Class Social Geography 6th Lesson Important Questions: 4 Marks

Question 1.
“The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement.
Answer:
The textile industry is self-reliant and complete in value chain.

• It contributes siginificantly to industrial production (14%).
• Employment generation (35 million persons directly – the second largest after agriculture).
• Foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6%)
• It contributes 4 percent towards GDP.

Question 2.
What are mineral based industries ? Give four examples.
Answer:
The major mineral – based industries include iron and steel, cement, basic and light chemicals and fertilizers. Industries that use minerals and metals as raw materials are called mineral based industries.

• Iron and Steel Industry : Iron and steel is a basic industry and is the backbone of industrial development of any country.
• Chemical industry: ft contributes approximately 3 percent of India’s GDP.
• Fertilizers industry: It is centered around the production of nitrogenous, phosphatic, arpmonium phosphate and complex fertiliser.
• Cethent industry : This requires limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum as raw materials.

Question 3.
What do you mean by agro based industries ? Give some example and their Importance in Indian economy ?
Answer:
a) The Industry that gets its raws materials from agriculture is known as an agro- based industry. These are consumer – based industries.

b) Cotton, jute, silk, woollen textiles, sugar, dairy products, leather indutries, food processing, vegetable oil industry, tea, coffee etc., all accumulate under the category of agro-based industries.

c) Agro-based Industries have a prominent in the National economy. The Indian Economy is called an agro-economy.

d) The agriculture sector is one of the major contributors to the country’s total GDP. Also, the sector provides jobs to more than half of the country’s population.

Question 4.
Which factors were responsible for the concentration of cotton textile industries in Maharashtra and Gujarat ?
Answer:
The cotton textile industry was mainly concentrated in cotton growing areas in Maharashtra and Gujarat because of the following reasons :

• Abundant availability of raw cotton due to favourable climate and presence of black soil.
• Huge market for cotton textile in and around Mumbai.
• Well-developed means of transport including the port facilities in Mumbai.
• Cheap labour from the adjoining areas.
• Mild and moist climate is favourable for spinning the cotton yarn.

Question 5.
What problems are faced by the cotton textile industry ?
Answer:

• Power supply remains erratic, thereby affecting its production.
• Machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors particularly.
• There is lower output of labour, since they are not skilled in their jobs.
• There is a stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

Question 6.
What efforts were made by the government to stimulate demands of jute in the market ?
Answer:

• In 2005, the National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing production.
• Efforts would be made to improve production and introduce some new products of jute – like fabric.
• Government can ensure good prices to the jute farmers, enhancing the yield per hectare.

Question 7.
What are the challenges faced by the sugar industry ?
Answer:
Challenges faced by the sugar industry are :

1. The industry is seasonal, so getting labour becomes difficult.
2. India is still using old and inefficient methods of production, thereby, affecting its production.
3. There are transport delays in transporting sugarcane to factories with the result that it loses its sugar content.
4. There is a need to maximise the use of bagasse to face the problem of power break up.

Question 8.
Why has the ‘Chotanagpur Plateau Region’ the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries ? Analyse the reasons.
Answer:
Chotanagpur region is the hub of many iron and steel plants because:

1. Iron and steel industry requires iron ore, coal, limestone and manganese which are available in close proximity.
2. Good network of roads and railway facilities the movement of raw material to iron and steel plants.
3. Rivers provide the cheapest means of inland water transport for iron and steel goods.
4. Nearness to the city of Kolkata provides huge market, banking,, insurance and financial services for iron and steel plants.
5. Availability of cheap labour from Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh. Hence due to these locational advantages iron and steel plants like Jamshedpur, Durgapur, Burnpur, Bokaro and Rourkela are confined to the Chotanagpur region.

Question 9.
What are software technology parks ? State any two points of significance of information technology industry in India.
Answer:
Software Technology Park : Software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts :
Significance of IT Industry:
1) A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. Upto 31st March, 2005, the IT Industry employed over one million persons.

2) It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the people employed in this sector are women.

3) This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing. Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.

4) The continuous growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India.

Question 10.
“Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.’’ Justify the statement.
Answer:

1. Environment is degraded through the depletion of resources like air, water and soil.
2. It leads to destruction of ecosystem and extinction of wildlife.
3. Deforestation in some countries may disturbtherainfall pattern in the surrounding countries.
4. Land degradation and dam burst can bring massive siltation and flood like situation.
5. Pollution in one country may effect the other in form of acid rain, climate change etc. This show that environmental degradatipn,does not respect land boundaries.

Question 11.
Read the case given below carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Challenges faced by the Jute industry include stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitions like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand, However, the internal demand has been on the increase due to the internal demand has been on Hie increase due to the Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be diversified. In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing. The yield per hectare, the main markets USA, Canada, United Arab Republic, UK and Australia. The growing global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials, has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

Questions:
i) Mention any two challenges faced by ‘jute industry’ in India.
Answer:
The two challenges of jute industry are :
a) Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes.
b) Competition from other jute suppler countries like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.

ii) What was the main objective of National Jute Policy formulated in 2005 ?
Answer:
The main objective of National Jute Policy (2005) was to increase productivity improve, quality and to ensure good price and enhance yield to the jute farmers.

iii) How has Jute industry once again opened the new opportunities for its products?
Answer:
Due to the visible harmful impacts of artificial fibre and the biodegradability of jute to control the environment pollution, the demand the jute industry has revived again.

Question 12.
Read the cast? gi ven below carefully and answer the questions that follow :
Tourism

Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades. More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry. Tourism also promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits. It also helps in the development of international under-standing about our culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco tourism, adventure tourism, cultured tourism, medical tourism and business tourism. There is a vast potentiul for development of tourism in all parts of the country. Efforts are being made to promote different types of tourism for this upcoming industry.

Questions:
1) Explain the importance of tourism.
Answer:
Tourism generates employment opportunities, promotes national integration, and it provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.

ii) Give an example of ‘Heritage tourism.’
Answer:
Visiting the Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu is an example of Heritage tourism.

iii) Assess the benefits of improving tourism in India.
Answer:
Foreign Travellers help India in getting Foreign Exchange.

• It will open the new ventures of employment in India.
• It boost new infrastructural development in the nation.

Question 13.
Locate and label the following cotton textiles industries.
i) Mumbai
ii) Indore
iii) Surat
iv) Kanpur
Answer:

Question 14.
Locate and label the following Iron and Steel Plants.
i) Durgapur
ii) Bokaro
ii) Jamshedpur
iv) Salem
Answer:

Question 15.
i) Amritsar
i) Jaipur
iii) Gwalior
iv) Gurugram
Answer:

Question 16.
Explain any five measures to control industrial pollution in India.
Answer:
Five measures to control industrial pollution in India are as follows :

• Particulate matter in the air can -be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric, filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
• Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
• Machinery and equipment can be used and generators should be fitted with silencers.
• Pollution check certificates should be made compulsory.
• Machineries used in the industries can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise. Noise absorbing material may also be used.

Question 17.
Read the given source and answer the following questions.

The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. It is the only industry in the country, which is self reliant and complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest value added products. In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand splnningand handloom weaving techniques. After the 18th century, power-boms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the multi-made cloth from England.

i) Why textile industry occupies a unique position ?
Answer:
It occupies a unique position because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings.

ii) Which industry is self reliant and complete its value chain ?
Answer:
The textile industry is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.

iii) How were cotton textiles produced in ancient India ?
Answer:
In ancient India cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handlooms weaving techniques.

iv) In which century power-looms facilitated the development of cotton textile industry?
Answer:
In 18th century power-looms facilitated the development of cotton textile industry.

Question 18.
Read the given source and answer the following questions.

Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulpur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Air – borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust sprays mist and smoke. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning ofIbssil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with longterm effects, Are you aware of the Bhopal Gas tragedy that occurred Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals plants, buildings and the atmosphere an a whole.

i) What are the gases causing air pollution ?
Answer:
Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.

ii) How industries pollute air ?
Answer:

• Industries cause pollution by releasing undesirable gases such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
• Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke.
• Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brickkilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms.
• Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects.

iii) Who does air pollution affect adversely ?
Answer:
Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as & whole.

AP 10th Class Social Geography 6th Lesson Important Questions: 2 Marks

Question 1.
Name any two industries which are based on minerals ?
Answer:

1. Iron and steel industry.
2. Cement Industry.

Question 2.
Write the classification of industries on the basis of source of raw materials used.
Answer:

• Agro based- cotton, jute, rubber, sugar, etc.
• Mineral based – Iron and steel, cement, aluminium.

Question 3.
How do manufacturing industries help agriculture ?
Answer:
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernizing agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agriculture income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

Question 4.
What is the contribution of industries to national economy ?
Answer:
Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 percent of GDP – out of a total of 27 percent of mining, querying, electricity and gas.

Question 5.
Why has aluminium metal great importance ?
Answer:
Aluminium metal has great importance because it combines the strength of metals such as iron with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability.

Question 6.
What does electronic industry cover ?
Answer:
The electronic industries covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, pager, telephone exchange, radars, computers and,many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry.

Question 7.
Classify industries on the basis of capital investment.
Answer:
Classification of industries oh the basis of capital investment:

• Small Scale Industries : A small-scale industry is defined with reference to the maximum investment allowed on the assets of a unit. This limit has changed over a period of time. At present, the maximum investment allowed is ₹ 1 crore.
• Large scale industry: if investment is more than 1 crore on any industry, then it is known as a large scale industry.

Question 8.
Read the data in the table given below and answer the questions that follow: Total production of steel in India

Year	Production in Milion tonnes
2015-2016	106.60
2016-2017	120.14
2017-2018	126.85
2018-2019	101.29
2019-2020	102.62

i) Compare the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 data and give any one reason for the reduction of production of steel in 2019-2020.
Answer:
High costs and limited availability of coking goal is a major reason for decline in the production of steel.

ii) Why is production and consumption of steel considered as an index of a country’s development ?
Answer:
The production and consumption of iron and steel reflects the level of industrialisation and economic development of a country.

Question 9.
Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India.
Answer:
The contribution of Manufacturing sector to national economy:

• The industrial labourers and other employees get higher wages and enjoy higher standard of living compared to landless agricultural labourers.
• Manufacturing reduces dependence on agriculture by providing alternative employment opportunities in factory.
• Increase in use of fertilizers, pesticides, plastics, electricity and diesel in agriculture has been possible due to the growth and competitiveness of the manufacturing industries.

Question 10.
Suggest any three steps to minimise the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
Answer:
Three steps that can be taken to minimise environmental degradation by the industries.

• Fitting smoke stacks in factories with electrostatic precipitators.
• Reduce smoke by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories.
• Treating waste matter and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.

Question 11.
How do manufacturing industries help agriculture ?
Answer:

• Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy.
• They reduce the heavy dependence of people on Agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and teritory sectors.

Question 12.
Read the following map and answer the given question.

Name the place of the Iron and Steel Industry in Andhra Pradesh, Jarkhand, Chattisgarh and West Bengal.
Answer:

• Andhra Pradesh – Visakhapatnam
• Jarkhand – Bokaro
• Chhattisgarh – Bhilai
• West Bengal – Durgapur

Question 13.
Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other ?
Answer:
On the basis of sources of raw-material, industries are classified as :

• Agro Based : Agro based industries draw their raw materials from agricultural products. For example, Textiles, sugar, coffee, tea and edible oil, etc.
• Mineral Based : Mineral based draw their raw material from minerals. For example, Iron and steel industries, cement, machine tools, petrochemical, etc.

Question 14.
Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of automobile industry in India ? Name two centres where this Industry is located ?
Answer:
Two factors contributing to healthy growth of the automobile sector are :

• After liberaliation, the coming of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in this sector brought in new technology and aligned the Industry with global development.
• Two major centres where this industry is located are Gurgaon and Indore.

Question 15.
How is the information technology industry able to generate more employment ?
Answer:
Major impact of this industry has been on employment generation;

• Upto 31st March 2005, the IT industry employed over one million persons.
• This number is expected to increase sharply in the coming years.
• It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the people employed in this sector are women.

AP 10th Class Social Geography 6th Lesson Important Questions: 1 Mark

Question 1.
What Is NTPC?
Answer:
National Thermal Power Corporation.

Question 2.
Name any two preindependenceindustrial cities of India.
Answer:
Bombay and Kolkata.

Question 3.
Name the company through which public sector undertakings market their steel.
Answer:
Steel Authority of India.

Question 4.
How many technology parks are there in India ?
Answer:
18.

Question 5.
What is the position of India in the production of Gtir and Khandsari in the world ?
Answer:
First position.

Question 6.
How much electricity is required for the smelting per ton of Aluminium ore ?
Answer:
18,600 kwh per ton of ore.

Question 7.
Name the basic raw material used for sugar industry.
Answer:
Sugarcane.

Question 8.
Which were the techniques used in ancient India to produce cotton textiles ?
Answer:
Hand spinning and handloom weaving.

Question 9.
Name any two Asian countries who imports cotton goods from India.
Answer:
Singapore and Srilanka.

Question 10.
To which Asian country India exports Yarn ?
Answer:
Japan.

Question 11.
Which states have the largest number of cotton textile centre ?
Answer:
Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Question 12.
Which country has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the world ?
Answer:
China.

Question 13.
Which city is known as electronic capital of India?
Answer:
Bettigaluru.

Question 14.
When and where was the first successful textile mill established in India ?
Answer:
In Mumbai in 1854.

Question 15.
Name the main countries to which’Thdia exports its cotton yarn and cotton goods.
Answer:
The major countries are : Japan, USA, UK, Russia and France.

Question 16.
Where was the first jute mill set up ?
Answer:
The .first jute mill was set up in 1855 at Rishra near Kolkata.

Question 17.
Where was the first cement plant set up in India ?
Answer:
The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.

Question 18.
Which inorganic chemicals is used for the making of glass, soaps, detergents and paper ?
Answer:
Soda ash.

Question 19.
Which public sector steel plant of India is located near port ? .
Answer:
Vishakapatnam.

Question 20.
Which industry is the largest consumer of chemicals ?
Answer:
Chemical industry.

Question 21.
Which steel plant is located in Chhattisgarh ?
Answer:
Bhilai.

Question 22.
On which basis the small scale and large industries are classified ?
Answer:
Capital investment.

Question 23.
Which country is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods in the world ?
Answer:
India.

Question 24.
Which is called “Golden fibre” ?
Answer:
Jute.

Question 25.
What are the major solid wastes in India ?
Answer:
Fly ash, phospo-gypsum and Iron and steel slags.

Question 26.
Which industry is considered as the backbone in general and economic development of country ?
Answer:
Manufacturing industry.

Question 27.
“Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.” Which of the following is the essence of this statement ? [c]
a) Economic Development
b) Human Development
c) Sustainable Development
d) National Development

Question 28.
Which one of the following conferences was convened to discuss environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level in 1992 [c]
a) Kyoto protocol
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit
d) World summit on sustainable development

Question 29.
Examine any two major challenges faced by the ‘Sugar Industry’.
Answer:
Two major challenges faced by the ‘Sugar Industry’ are:
1) Seasonal nature of industry.
2) Old and inefficient means of transport.

Question 30.
Distinguish between basic and consumer industry.
Answer:
Basic industries produce raw material for other industries while consumer industries produce goods for direct use by consumers.

Question 31.
Match the following industries with their raw materials:
a) Textile industry i) Bauxite
b) Jute industry ii) Iron ore
c) Steel industry iii) Cotton
d) Aluminium smelting industry iv) Jute
Answer:
a – iii,
b – iv,
c – ii,
d – i

Question 32.
Match the following industries with their manufactured products:
a) Cement industry i) Cement
b) Chemical industry ii) Chemicals
c) Fertilizer industry iii) Fertilizers
d) Iron and steel industry iv) Iron and steel
Answer:
a – i,
b – ii,
c – iii,
d – iv

Question 33.
Match the following industries with their location:
a) Textile industry i) West Bengal
b) Sugar industry ii) Chhattisgarh
c) Aluminium smelting industry iii) Uttar Pradesh
d) Iron and steel industry iv) Maharashtra
Answer:
a – i;
b – iii,
c – iv,
d – ii

Question 34.
Match the following industries with their ownership:
a) Textile industry
b) Chemical industry
c) Aluminium smelting industry
d) Iron and steel industry

i) Private sector
ii) Public sector
iii) Joint sector
iv) Cooperative sector
Answer:
a – i,
b – iv,
c – ii,
d – iii

Question 35.
Name the agency which markets steel for public sector plants.
Answer:
SAIL. (Steel Authority of India Ltd).

Question 36.
Give any two examples of consumer industries.
Answer:
Sugar Industry and Paper Industry.

Question 37.
Give two examples of agro based industries.
Answer:
Cotton industry and silk industry.

Question 38.
What is “White revolution” ?
Answer:
“White’revolution” is the programme of increasing the production of milk by modernization.

Question 39.
Define manufacturing,
Answer:
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.

Question 40.
What are agglomeration economies ?
Answer:
Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres are known as agglomeration economics.

Question 41.
What are consumer industries ?
Answer:
Consumer industries are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers, eg., sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, etc.

Question 42.
How do factories cause noise pollution ?
Answer:
Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills also make a lot of noise.

Question 43.
What does ‘Thermal Pollution’ mean ?
Answer:
Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.

Question 44.
How is air polluted by industries ?
Answer:
Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms.

Question 45.
What is the contribution of FDI in automobile industries ?
Answer:
Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global development.

Question 46.
Which organic chemicals are produced in India ?
Answer:
Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye stuff, drugs and pharmaceuticals.

Question 47.
Who helps the manufacturing industries to fulfil their,objectives ?
Answer:
The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with this objective.

Question 48.
What is meant by agro based industry ?
Answer:
The industry which gets its raw materials from agriculture is known as agro-based industry. Eg: Sugar Industry.