AP Board 10th Class Social Geography Notes 5th Lesson Minerals and Energy Resources
→ India is critically deficient in the reserve and production of copper. Being malleable, ductile and a good conductor, copper is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.
→ Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks in aluminium silicates. India’s bauxite deposits are maiifly found in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and the plateau regions of Bilaspur – Katni.
→ Non-metallic minerals are a class of chemical elements that, when melted, yield no new products. Sand, gravel, limestone, clay and marble are all examples of non-metallic minerals. Mica, is a mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves.
→ A concerted effort has to be made in order to use our mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner. Improved technologies need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ores at low costs. Recycling, using scrap metals etc., are steps in conserving our mineral resources for future.
→ The energy sources that once exhausted, do not replenish themselves within a specifi period are conventional or non-renewable energy sources like coal, petroleum, natural gas, electricity etc.
→ Natural resources like Solar energy, Windpower, Biogas, Tidal energy, Geothermal energy, etc., generate energy which is known as “Non- conventional resources. These are pollution free and hence we can use these to produce a clean form of energy without any wastage.
→ Rocks : Rocks are combinations or aggregates of minerals in varying proportions. Some rocks consists of a single mineral.
→ Mineral : Geologists define mineral as “homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.
→ Ferrous minerals : Ferrous minerals are those minerals that contain iron. Ex: Iron ore, nickel manganese.
→ Non-Ferrous : minerals Non ferrous are those metals and alloys which do not contain an appreciable amount of iron. For example : Aluminum, copper, etc.
→ Placer deposits : Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills.
→ Fossil fuels : Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals.
→ Hydro electricity : A Hydro electricity is a method of generating power by using flowing water sources like rivers, tides and ocean currents.
→ Energy resources : Energy resources are the opportunities an area offers to generate electricity based on its natural conditions and circumstances.
→ Metallic minerals : Metallic minerals is composed of metals in their original form. Ex: Iron, copper, bauxite, etc.
→ Non-metallic minerals : Non metallic minerals are minerals that do not contain any metals. Ex: Limestone, mica, gypsum, etc.
→ Bituminous coal : It has high heating value and used in the generation of electricity. It appears smooth and shiny.