These AP 10th Class Social Important Questions Geography 2nd Lesson Forest and Wildlife Resources will help students prepare well for the exams.
Forest and Wildlife Resources AP 10th Class Social Geography 2nd Lesson Important Questions
AP 10th Class Social Geography 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 8 Marks
Question 1.
Why is conservation of forest and wildlife necessary ?
Answer:
i) Conservation of forests and wildlife is necessary for maintaining of the ecological balance.
ii) If this is disturbed, it can cause long-term damage to the environment and ecology, even threatening human existence.
iii) We should implement biodiversity conservation practices now, to prevent future generation from suffering due to our present negligence.
iv) Earlier the conservation projects were concentrating on particular components of biodiversity, e.g., Project Tiger was started to conserve the tiger population in India.
v) But now-a-days, there is a more intensive search for different conservation measures focusing on preservation of biodiversity as a whole.
vi) Revisions in the Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986 have included insects, moths, butterflies, beetles and dragonfly to the list of protected species.
vii) In 1991, for the first, six species of plants were also added to this list.
Question 2.
Analyse the reasons for the depletion of forest resources in India.
Answer:
The reasons for the depletion of forest resources in India are following.
i) Colonial Plantation: The great it damage inflicted on Indian forests was during the colonial period due to the expansion of railways, agriculture and mining etc.
ii) Agricultural expansion : After independence, agricultural expansion continues to be one of the major causes of depletion. Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over 26,200 sq.km of forest areas were converted into agricultural land all over India.
iii) Shifting cultivation (Jhum) : Substantial parts of the tribal belts, especially in the North-eastern and Central India, have been deforested or degraded by shifting cultivation (hum) a type of “slash and burn agriculture”.
iv) Development Projects : In India large-scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forest. Since 1951, over 5,000 sq.km of forest cleared.for river valley project. Clearing forests is still continuing with project like Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh which would inundate 40,000 hectares of forest.
Question 3.
Write the classification of existing plants and animal species based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources).
Answer:
Categories of existing plants and species:
a) Normal Species : Whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, (cattle, sal, etc).
b) Endangered Species: Which are in danger of extinction (mountain tiger).
c) Vulnerable Species: Some species whose population has declined.
d) Rare Species : Species with small population, many mode into endangered or vulnerable category.
e) Endemic Species : Which are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers (Nicobar Pigeons).
f) Extinct: Which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur (Pink headed duck).
Question 4.
Write about the types and distribution of forests in India.
Answer:
In India, much of its forest and wildlife resources are either owned or managed by the government through the Forest Department or Other government departments. These are classified under the following categories.
1. Reserved Forests:
i) 0ut of total forests more than half have been declared reserved forests.
ii) Reserved Forests are regarded as the most valuable. As the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned.
iii) Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamilnadu, West Bengal and Maharashtra have large percentages of reserved forests of its total forest area.
2. Protected Forests:
i) Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest.
ii) This forest land is protected from any further depletion.
iii) Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk of forests under protected forests.
3. Unclassed Forests:
i) These refer to forests and wastelands, belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.
ii) All North-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests managed by local communities.
Question 5.
“Nature worship an age-old tribal belief has preserved several virgin forests in a pristine form called Sacred Groves.” Comment on the statement with the help of examples.
Answer:
- Sacred Groves are a form of nature worship practiced by the tribal people of India.
- Tribes consider forests as Gods and Goddesses and preserve them in their pristine form.
- These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.
- Certain societies revere a particular tree that they have preserved from time immemorial.
- The Mundas and the Santhal of the Chota Nagpur region worship Mahua and Kadamba trees and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the Tamarind and Mango trees during weddings. To many of us, Peepal and Banyan trees are considered sacred.
- Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals which are closely protected.
Question 6.
Describe the role of the community in forest and wildlife conservation.
Answer:
Role of the Community in Forest and Wildlife Conservation : .
i) In some areas of India, local communities are struggling to conserve forests along With government officials.
ii) In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
iii) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared fc,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’, declaring their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
iv) The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas successfully resisted deforestation and showed that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.
v) Joint Forest Management is a program that involves local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
vi) Farmers and citizens groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals is possible and economically viable.
Question 7.
Describe the steps taken by the government to protect the species from becoming extinct.
Answer:
The government has taken many steps in order to protect Indian wildlife.
They are:
- The Indian Wildlife Act was passed by the government in 1972 for the protection of plants and animal species.
- The Act banned hunting and poaching of animals and provided legal protection to their habitats.
- The central and state governments have established many Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in order to protect forests and wildlife.
- Various projects regarding the conservation of endangered species such as tiger and one-horned rhino have been initiated by the government.
- The government, through the introduction of a Joint Management Programme, has involved local communities in the management of forests.
Question 8.
How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna
Answer:
- Various river valley projects have affected the flora and fauna.
- Many illegal mining projects have depleted the flora and fauna.
- Too many development projects for leisure activities in the forests have negatively affected.
- Too many human activities in the forest area due to rising population and lack of space has created human – animal conflict.
- Human activities such as deforestation, housing plans, factories infrastructure, commercial, scientific forestry have resulted in the depletion of flora and fauna.
- Hunting of animals for their skin, tusk, bone teeth and horns has brought several species on the verge of extinction.
- Increasing environmental pollution and forest fires due to global warming resulted in the depletion of valuable forest and wildlife.
Thus, human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna.
Question 9.
How is the decline of biodiversity related to the loss of cultural diversity of our country ?
Answer:
Biological loss of forest and wildlife is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity because
- It has increasingly affected many indigenous and other forest dependent people that directly depend upon various components of forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spiritualism etc.
- Tribal? worship plants and animals of the forests and hence destruction of forest would affect cultural identity of tribal people.
- Women will have to walk more collection of firewood, if the nearby forest are cleared.
- Deforestation also result in natural calamities and may sometimes erase entire community. Thus, it can be said that the destruction of biodiversity is correlated to the loss of cultural diversity.
Question 10.
Distinguish between endangered and extinct species.
Answer:
The differences between endangered and extinct species are :
| Endangered Species | Extinct Species |
| 1) Endangered species are on the verge of extinction. | 1) No living representatives of an extinct species exist. |
| 2) Most of the habitat damage for hunting is to blame for the extinction of many animal and plant species. | 2) These species have been fully exterminated due to human activity and natural disasters. |
| 3) An endangered species can be saved from extinction by using various conservation techniques. | 3) It is impossible to revive extinct species. |
| 4) Numerous groups and governments can monitor them for their rescue. | 4) Keeping track of extinct species is almost impossible. |
| 5) These species bear a finite number of live plants or animals. | 5) These species do not have any live plants or animals. |
| 6) Example : Tiger, Barasingha, etc. | 6) Example:Dinosaurs, wooly Mammoth, etc. |
Question 11.
Mention any four major threats to the population of tiger ? Explain the efforts made by the government to protect them.
Answer:
Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal species.
The following are the threat to the tiger population :
- Shrinking habitat
- Poaching
- Depletion of prey base species
- Illegal trading for theit skin and bones.
1) The tiger population had dropped from an estimated 55,000 at the beginning of the century to just 1,827 by 1973, when officials became aware of the problem.
2) Numerous factors threaten the survival of the tiger population, including poaching
3) The tiger’s population was almost decimated by tiger poaching and trade in violation of the law as a result of the ancient Asian medicine trade and the widespread usage of tiger bones.
4) Two-thirds of the world’s remaining tiger population resides in India and Nepal, making them great targets for poaching and illicit trade.
Efforts made by the government to protect them:
- “Project Tiger” was launched in 1973.
- There are 42 tiger reserves in India covering an area of 37,761 sq.km.
- Tiger conservation had been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance, as a means of preserving biotypes of sizable magnitude.
- Some of the tiger reserves of India are Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal etc.
Question 12.
Explain the importance of community participation in biodiversity conservation In India.
Answer:
The importance of community participation in biodiversity conservation in India is:
1) Local communities often have traditional knowledge and practices that can contribute to conservation efforts.
2) Local communities are the primary stakeholders of natural resources and can play a key role in protecting habitats and wildlife against encroachments and illegal activities.
3) Community-based conservation programs can be more effective and sustainable than top-down approaches because they are based on local needs and priorities.
4) Community participation can promote social and economic development by promoting sustainable practices and improving livelihoods.
5) Community-based conservation programs can help to reduce human-wildlife conflicts and promote coexistence between humans and wildlife.
6) Community participation can increase the accountability and transparency of conservation efforts by involving local people in decision-making and monitoring.
7) Community participation can promote a sense of ownership and responsibility towards natural resources, leading to greater support for conservation efforts.
Question 13.
How has the Indian government worked to protect wildlife and conserve habitats?
Answer:
The Indian government has worked to protect wildlife and conserve habitats by:
1) Enacting laws such as the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 to prevent illegal hunting, poaching, and trade of endangered species.
2) Establishing protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, to conserve habitats and populations of endangered species.
3) Implementing conservation programs, such as Project Tiger and Project Elephant, to protect and manage the populations of these endangered species.
4) Promoting sustainable development practices, such as eco-friendly farming and renewable energy, to reduce the pressure on natural resources.
5) Engaging local communities in conservation efforts through joint forest management and community-based conservation programs.
6) Supporting research and monitoring of wildlife populations, habitats, and threats to biodiversity.
7) Partnering with international organizations, such as the World Wildlife Fund and the United Nations Environment Programme, to promote global biodiversity conservation.
8) Regulating activities such as mining, logging, and infrastructure development to minimize their impact on natural habitats and wildlife.
9) Developing and implementing national and state-level biodiversity action plans to guide conservation efforts.
10) Raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity conservation and the threats to wildlife and habitats through education and outreach programs.
Question 14.
What strategies are needed to balance conservation and development objectives?
Answer:
Strategies needed to balance conservation and development objectives are:
1) Promoting sustainable development practices, such as eco-friendly farming and renewable energy, to reduce the pressure on natural resources.
2) Conducting environmental impact assessments and incorporating biodiversity – conservation considerations into development planning and decision-making.
3) Establishing and expanding protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, to conserve habitats and populations of endangered species.
4) Engaging local communities in conservation efforts through joint forest management and community-based conservation programs.
5) Promoting green infrastructure development, such as eco-tourism and green energy projects, that benefit both conservation and development objectives.
6) Supporting green technologies and innovation that promote economic growth while minimizing environmental impact.
7) Encouraging public-private partnerships that align conservation and development objectives.
8) Prioritizing biodiversity conservation in development policies and programs and integrating it into national and international agendas.
Question 15.
What role does Project Tiger play in biodiversity conservation in India? Discuss.
Answer:
Project Tiger plays a significant role in biodiversity conservation in India by:
- Focusing on the conservation of the Bengal Tiger, a keystone species and an indicator of the health of the ecosystem.
- Protecting and managing tiger habitats, which in turn benefit other wildlife species and their habitats.
- Preventing the extinction of the Bengal Tiger due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and poaching.
- Restoring degraded habitats and improving the quality of tiger habitats through better management and protection.
- Supporting the recovery of tiger populations through habitat restoration and rewilding efforts.
- Engaging local communities in tiger conservation efforts through joint forest management and community-based conservation programs.
- Promoting sustainable development practices, such as eco-tourism and eco-friendly farming, that benefit both conservation and local livelihoods.
- Conducting research and monitoring to improve our understanding of tiger populations, habitats, and threats to their survival.
- Raising awareness about the importance of tiger conservation and the threats to their survival through education and outreach programs.
AP 10th Class Social Geography 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 4 Marks
Question 1.
Why is it necessary to increase the area of forest in India ?
- Forest play a key role in the ecological system as these are the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.
- Many forest dependent communities directly depend on them for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality etc.
- Forest provide us timber.
- Forests also provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass, charcoal, fruits, flowers etc.
Question 2.
Enumerate the features of Joint Forest Management Programme.
Answer:
Joint Forest Management (JFM) Programmes have been launched by various State
Governments. The first state to start this programme was Odisha in 1988.
The features of JFM are :
- Under this programme, local communities are involved in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
- The major purpose of the JFM is to protect the forests from encroachments, grazing, theft and fire and also to improve the forests in accordance with an approved Joint Forest Management Plan.
- In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces.
Question 3.
What do you understand by the “Project Tiger” ? When was it launched ? Write its objective?
Answer:
- Project Tiger was a Wildlife Conservation Project initiated in India in 1973to protect the Bengal Tiger:
- There are more than 42 tiger reserves in India covering an area of about 37,761 sq.km.
- The project aims at ensuring a viable population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats, protecting them from extinction and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage forever represented as close as possible the diversity of ecosystems across the tiger’s distribution in the country.
Question 4.
The dimension of deforestation, in India are staggering”. Explain.
Answer:
The dimensions of deforestation in India are staggering because –
- They are being wiped out at a very rapid pace.
- The forest and tree cover in the country is estimated at 79.42 million hectare, which is 24.16 percent of the total geographical area.
- According to the State of Forest Report (2015), the dense forest cover has increased by 3,775 sq.km since 2013.
- However, this apparent increase in the forest cover is due to conservation measures, management interventions and plantations, etc., by different agencies.
Question 5.
Read the sources given below and attempt the questions.
| Figer is of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the authorities realised that The tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century. The major threats to tiger population tire numerous, such as poaching trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey basespecies, growing human population etc. |
i) In which year ‘Project Tiger’ was launched ?
Answer:
‘Project Tiger’ was launched in 1973.
ii) What major factor led to realise the authorities about dwindling population in 1973?
Answer:
In 1973, dwindling tiger population from 55,000 to 1,827 made them realise.
iii) What are major threats to the tiger population ?
Answer:
The major threats are :
- Poaching for trade
- Shrinking habitat
- Depletion of prey base species
- Growing human population
iv) Name one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web.
Answer:
Tiger.
Question 6.
Read the given source and answer the following questions.
| Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned. |
i) What-are sacred groves ?
Answer:
Sacred groves are forest patches that have been untouched and undisturbed by the tribal people and believe it is the home of their God and Goddesses.
ii) Is nature worship an old belief ?
Answer:
Nature worship is an age-old tribal belief based on the belief that all creations of the nature have to he protected.
iii) What are Virgin forests ?
Answer:
Virgin forest is a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance and have been left untouched by the local people.
iv) Why is it called a Virgin forest ?
Answer:
The Virgin forests are the forest where nature survives in its purest form, without being affected by human interference.
Question 7.
Read the source and answer the following questions.
| The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation Us several areas but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successfulAttemps to revive the traditional conservation method or developing new methods of ecological farming are now widespread. Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Bee] Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable. |
1) Name any two movements which were launched by local communities for the protection of forest and wildlife.
Answer:
Chipko movement and Beej Bachao Andolan.
ii) Which method of farming was promoted by Chipko movement ?
Answer:
Ecological farming.
iii) Why is it called Chipko ?
Answer:
The word Chipko means ’embrace’. Since the most prominant feature of this movement was hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down.
iv) What was the aim of Chipko movement ?
Answer:
The aim of the Chipko movement was to protect the trees by hugging them and not allowing cutting of the trees.
Question 8.
Why has the land under forests not increased much from 1960-61 ?
Answer:
- The improper use of forest land has degraded the available land area and has made conservation of forests difficult. Human activities such as deforestation, mining and quarrying have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.
- Technological development has led to industrialization which has increased the use of natural resources.
- Technological development has converted the subsistence agriculture to commercial agriculture and this has led to the over utilization of soil.
- Economic development has led to increasing urbanization and modernization which demands more resources.
Question 9.
Why is biodiversity conservation important ?
Answer:
Biodiversity conservation is important because it helps to maintain ecological balance, provides ecosystem seruices, and supports human well-being.
- Maintains ecological balance and ecosystem functions.
- Supports livelihoods of forest-dependent communities.
- Provides food, medicine, timber, fibres etc.
- Protects genetic diversity for breeding and adaptation.
- Has cultural and spiritual value.
Question 10.
What major threats face Indian wildlife today?
Answer:
Major threats face Indian wildlife today:
- Habitat loss due to development projects, agriculture etc.
- Poaching for skins, horns, meat etc.
- Depletion of prey species.
- Human-animal conflicts.
- Climate change impacts.
Question 11.
What role do protected areas play in conservation?
Answer:
- Conserve biodiversity hotspots and critical ecosystems.
- Provide safe habitats for endangered flora and fauna.
- Seed centres for propagation of species.
- Natural laboratories for scientific research.
- Promote eco-tourism and environmental awareness.
Question 12.
What can students do to support conservation efforts?
Answer:
Students can support conservation efforts by:
- Raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity conservation and the threats to wildlife and habitats.
- Participating in conservation activities, such as tree planting, cleaning up natural areas, and monitoring wildlife populations.
- Supporting conservation organizations through volunteering, fundraising, and advocacy.
- Adopting sustainable practices, such.
Question 13.
Read the para and answer the following questions
| Conservation projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components. There is-now a more intensive search for different conservation measures. Increasingly, even insects are beginning to find a place in conservation planning. In the notification under WitdHfe Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and onedragon fly have been added to the list of protected species. In 1991, for the first time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species. |
i) What is the focus of recent conservation projects?
Answer:
Overall biodiversity.
ii) What change is noticeable in conservation measures nowadays?
Answer:
Targeted planning for protecting components of biodiversity.
iii) When were plants first added as protected species?
Answer:
1991.
iv) What evidence shows growing concern for biodiversity?
Answer:
Adding new species for protection.
AP 10th Class Social Geography 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 2 Marks
Question 1.
What is biodiversity ?
Answer:
Biodiversity is the variety of all living things, plants, animals and microorganisms living on the earth that are dependent on one another.
Question 2.
When -was the National Forest Policy introduced ? What was its main aim ?
- The National Forest Policy was introduced in 1988.
- Its main aim was to maintain ecological balance.
Question 3.
What is ecosystem ?
Answer:
An integrated unit consisting of the community of living organisms and the physical environment is called ecosystem.
Question 4.
Name any two tiger reserve projects in India.
- Corbett National park, Uttarakhand.
- Sunderban National Park, West Bengal.
Question 5.
What are unclassed forests ?
Answer:
Unclassed Forests are forests and waste lands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.
Question 6.
What are endemic species ?
Answer:
Species which are found in some particular areas ususally isolated by natural or geographical barriers.
Question 7.
Explain any two causes of depletion of forests during the colonial period in India
Answer:
- British cleared out forests to make way for tea plantation.
- They needed timber to build railway sleepers and railway lines.
Question 8.
Why is conservation of biodiversity important?
Answer:
Conservation of biodiversity is important to
- Maintain ecological balance
- Support human livelihoods
Question 9.
How has the government tried to protect endangered species?
Answer:
The government tried to protect endangered species by constructing
- National parks
- Wildlife sanctuaries
Question 10.
Why are local communities important for conservation?
Answer:
- Local communities have traditional knowledge and practices that can contribute to conservation efforts.
- They are the primary stakeholders of natural resources.
- So local Communities are important for conservation.
Question 11.
What initiatives promote ecological farming?
Answer:
Initiatives that promote ecological farming include developing new methods of ecological farming, reviving the traditional conservation methods, and increasing diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals.
Question 12.
What are examples of community conservation?
Answer:
Examples of community conservation include the Chipko Movement, joint forest management, and local communities protecting habitats and wildlife against outside encroachments.
Question 13.
What are vulnerable species ? Give four examples.
Answer:
- The species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate.
- The example of such species are Blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
AP 10th Class Social Geography 2nd Lesson Important Questions: 1 Mark
Question 1.
In which state is Periyar Tiger Reserves located ?
Answer:
Kerala.
Question 2.
What is Flora ?
Answer:
Flora refers to all plant life.
Question 3.
What is Fauna?
Answer:
Fauna refers to all animal life.
Question 4.
What is IUCN?
Answer:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Question 5.
What are endangered species ?
Answer:
The species, which are in danger of extinction are called endangered species.
Question 6.
Give two examples of rare species.
Answer:
- Wild Asiatic buffalo
- Hornbill
Question 7.
Mention any Wildlife protection programme.
Answer:
The Indian Wildlife Act 1972.
Question 8.
What are permanent forests ?
Answer:
Reserved and protected forests are permanent forests.
Question 9.
Name any two states which have large percentage of reserved forests of its forest area.
Answer:
Jammu and Kashmir and Andhra Pradesh.
Question 10.
Name the state which was first to pass the JFM resolution.
Answer:
Odisha.
Question 11.
What are normal species ?
Answer:
These species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc., are called the normal species.
Question 12.
Name the Tiger Reserve which is seriously threatened by dolomite mining activity.
Answer:
The Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal.
Question 13.
Which of the following options represent potential measures that can be taken to mitigate the threats posed on the tiger population and biodiversity ? [D]
i) Banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.
ii) Prohibiting the visit of public into forest area.
iii) Establishing Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks,
iv) Converting forests into Reserved and Protected forests.
Answer:
A) Statement (i) and (ii) are correct
B) Statement (ii), (iii) & (iv) are correct.
C) Statement (ii) is correct
D) Statement (i), (iii) & (iv) are correct.
Question 14.
When was the Wildlife Protection Act implemented ?
Answer:
1972
Question 15.
The forest cover in India as of December 2019 is nearly 25%. In the past decade, the government has tried meet the target of increasing the forest cover to 33 %. Al though there have been comforts to increase the forest cover in the past few years, forests are not thriving as they used to, What could be the reason for this ?
Answer:
Soil erosion and low soil quality.
Question 16.
Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation in which one of the following states ? [A]
Answer:
A) Odisha
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Kerala
D) Gujarat
Question 17.
Which of the following description of forest is NOT correct ?
A) Reserved Forest – Reservation of more them half of forests
B) Protected Forest – Reservation of 1/3 of the forests
C) Unclassed Forest – Reservation of forest under govt, and private individuals
D) Permanent Forest – Reserved and unclassed forest for the production of timber
Question 18.
What are the. major threats to wildlife in India?
Answer:
Some major threats to wildlife in India include habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts.
Question 19.
What is Project Tiger?
Answer:
Project Tiger is a conservation program launched by the Government of India in 1973 to protect and conserve the population of Bengal tigers in their natural habitats.
Question 20.
How have local communities traditionally protected forests and wildlife?
Answer:
Local communities have traditionally protected forests and wildlife through nature worship and sacred groves.
Question 21.
Arrange the following steps in the process of community involvement in forest and wildlife conservation in India in correct sequence ?
i) Formation of local institutions
ii) Undertaking protection activities
iii) Entitlement to intermediary benefits
iv) Managing degraded forest land
Answer:
i, iv, ii, iii
Question 22.
Arrange the following initiatives in the order of their focus on biodiversity conservation:
i) Traditional conservation methods
ii) Chipko movement
iii) Joint forest management
iv) Beej Bachao Andolan
Answer:
i, ii- iii, iv
Question 23.
Arrange the following strategies for conserving forest and wildlife resources in India in the order of their level of community participation
i) Joint forest management
ii) Chipko movement
iii) demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries
iv) Beej bachao Andolan
Answer:
ii, i, iv, iii
Question 24.
Assertion (A) : Local communities should participate in forest conservation efforts.
Reason (R) : Community stewardship ensures forests are used sustainably.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
Question 25.
Assertion (A) : India has a rich diversity of flora and fauna.
Reason (R) : India has varied climatic and geographical conditions.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
Question 26.
Assertion (A) : Conservation aims to protect endangered species and habitats.
Reason (R) : Biodiversity supports ecological balance and human livelihoods.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
C) A is true but R is false.
Question 27.
Assertion (A) : Project Tiger helped conserve tiger habitats and populations.
Reason (R) : Tiger is a flagship and umbrella species crucial for ecosystem health.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
Question 28.
Assertion (A) : Joint Forest Management involves participation of local communities.
Reason (R) : It aims to use forest resources sustainably.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
Question 29.
Assertion (A) : Habitat destruction is a major threat to wildlife today.
Reason (R) : Development projects lead to loss of forest land.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
Question 30.
Assertion (A) : Sacred groves help protect patches of forest and rare species.
Reason (R) : Local cultures attach spiritual value to such forest areas.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
C) A is true but R is false.
D) A is false but R is true.
Answer:
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
Question 31.
Classify the major types of forests.
Answer:
Reserved forests, protected forests and unclassed forests.
Question 32.
Which state has the largest area under permanent forest ?
Answer:
Madhya Pradesh.
Question 33.
What is Chipko movement ?
Answer:
This movement was launched by the people of Himalayas against deforestation.
Question 34.
What is Joint Forest Management ?
Answer:
It was a programme launched for management and restoration of degraded forests.
Question 35.
Name two countries which are providing homes to 2/3rd of the total population of tigers in the world.
Answer:
India and Nepal.
Question 36.
Where are the mangrove forests found ?
Answer:
In Delta areas.
Question 37.
How much forest area was converted into agricultural land all over India according to the Forest Survey of India between 1951 and 1980 ?
Answer:
26,200 sq.km.
Question 38.
Which organisation of International level has classified existing plants and animal species of the world ?
Answer:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
Question 39.
Name one vulnerable species of India.
Answer:
Blue sheep, Asiastic elephant, Gangetic dolphin.